线粒体功能障碍及氧化应激与糖尿病视网膜病变关系的研究

糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)为糖尿病的严重并发症之一,已成为致盲的主要眼疾。DR的发生发展与多种因素有关,发病机制复杂,尚不明确,早期的资料表明,其发生发展与血糖水平、糖尿病病程、环境等多种因素相关。其中线粒体功能障碍和氧化应激反应是导致DR发生的重要机制之一,已成为近几年的研究热点。细胞内线粒体功能障碍的后果包括因为线粒体活性氧(ROS)的产生率升高而导致的电子传递链蛋白的损伤,以及线粒体DNA(mt DNA)的损害和代谢能力的降低。明确把握高糖下线粒体的功能变化和氧化应激反应在DR发生发展过程中的作用机制,对DR的防治具有重要意义。因此本文就相关研究发展做一综述。

Relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy

As one of the serious complications of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy(DR)has become a main eye disease which causes blindness. The occurrence and development of DR is related to many factors. The pathogenesis is complicated, and the mechanism has not been clear. Early data suggest that the occurrence and development of DR has relations with many factors such as blood sugar level, diabetes duration and the environment. Among the factors, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress is the important mechanisms of DR and has become research focus in recent years. Consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction within cells include elevation of the rate of reactive oxygen species(ROS)production due to damage of electron transport chain proteins, mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)damage, and loss of metabolic capacity. Clear understanding on the mechanism of mitochondrial functional change under high sugar level and oxidative stress response in the occurrence and development of DR is of great significance on prevention and cure of DR. In this article, the development of mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress of DR is reviewed.