Cardiac arrest survivors with moderate elevated body mass index may have a better neurological outcome: a cohort study

Aim

Body mass index (BMI) may influence the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and may influence prognosis after cardiac arrest. To review the direct effect of obesity on outcome after cardiac arrest, the following cohort study was conducted.

Methods

This study based on a cardiac arrest registry comprising all adult patients with cardiac arrest of non-traumatic origin and restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) admitted to the department of emergency medicine of a tertiary-care facility. Data were collected between January 1992 and December 2007 according to the Utstein criteria. We assessed the association between BMI according to the WHO classification (underweight, BMI < 18.5; normal weight, 18.5-24.9; overweight, 25.0-29.9; obese ≥ 30), six-month survival and neurological recovery.

Results

Analysis was carried out on a total of 1915 adult patients (32% female). Patients had a median age of 59 years (interquartile range [IQR] 49-70) and a median BMI of 26.0 (IQR 23.9-29.1). Survival to six months was 50%. There was no significant difference in survival between the BMI groups (underweight 46%, normal weight 47%, overweight 52%, obese 51%). In a multivariate analysis neurological outcome was better in overweight patients as compared to subjects with normal BMI (odds ratio 1.35; 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.79).

Conclusion

Body mass index may have no direct influence on six-month survival after cardiac arrest, but patients with moderately elevated BMI may have a better neurological prognosis.