Activation of caspase-8 by tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 is necessary for caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in oxygen–glucose deprived cultured cortical cells

TNF-α has been reported to be relevant in stroke-induced neuronal death. However the precise function of TNF-α in brain ischemia remains controversial since there are data supporting either a detrimental or a protective effect. Here we show that TNF-α is released after oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) of cortical cultures and is a major contributor to the apoptotic death observed without affecting the OGD-mediated necrotic cell death. In this paradigm, apoptosis depends on TNF-α-induced activation of caspase-8 and -3 without affecting the activation of caspase-9. By using knock-out mice for TNF-α receptor 1, we show that the activation of both caspase-3 and -8 by TNF-α is mediated by TNF-α receptor 1. The pro-apoptotic role of TNF-α in OGD is restricted to neurons and microglia, since astrocytes do not express either TNF-α or TNF-α receptor 1. Altogether, these results show that apoptosis of cortical neurons after OGD is mediated by TNF-α/TNF-α receptor 1.