中国居民营养状况与生活方式的代际差异

目的分析不同年代出生的成年居民的营养状况与生活方式的差异。方法利用"中国居民健康与营养调查"的资料,选取1993年调查时出生于20世纪60年代和2009年调查时出生于20世纪80年代的健康成年居民作为研究对象。以体格测量、营养素摄入量及生活方式因素作为评价居民营养状况的指标,利用SAS和STATA软件对数据库资料进行统计分析。结果 (1)80年代出生居民的体重、身高、体质指数、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、皮褶厚度、超重/肥胖率、高血压患病率均显著高于60年代出生的居民;(2)80年代出生居民的脂肪摄入量、胆固醇摄入量、脂肪供能比、钙摄入量以及胆固醇和脂肪供能比超过中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量的人群比例,显著高于60年代出生的居民;能量摄入量、碳水化合物摄入量、食盐摄入量、维生素B1摄入量、维生素C摄入量、碳水化合物供能比以及维生素B1和维生素C的摄入量超过居民膳食营养素参考摄入量的人群比例,显著低于60年代出生的居民;(3)80年代出生居民的吸烟率、饮茶率以及从事中、重度体力活动的人群比例,显著低于60年代出生的居民。结论不同年代成人营养状况与生活方式存在代际差异,80后一代居民营养相关慢性疾病患病率的迅速上升值得关注。

Intergenerational differences on the nutritional status and lifestyle of Chinese residents

Objective To study the diversities on nutritional status and lifestyle of adult Chinese residents born in different years.Method The data of healthy adult residents born in the 1960s and 1980s were selected from the CHNS 1993 and 2009.Information on physical examination,nutrient intake and lifestyle factors were used as indicators to evaluate the nutritional status of residents;data was analyzed by SAS and STATA software.Results(1)Weight,height,BMI,waist circumference,hip circumference,waist-hip ratio,skin fold thickness,overweight/obesity,hypertension rate of residents born in the 1980s were all significantly higher than residents born in the 1960s.(2)Dietary fats intake,percentage of energy contributed from total fat,cholesterol intake,calcium intake and the rate of energy and cholesterol intake exceeding the Chinese dietary reference intakes(Chinese DRIs)of residents born in the 1980s were all significantly higher than residents born in the 1960s,however,the energy intake,carbohydrate intake,salt intake,vitamin B1 intake,vitamin C intake,the energy contributed from carbohydrates and the rate of vitamin B1 intake and vitamin C intake exceeding the Chinese DRIs of residents born in the 1980s were all significantly lower in residents born in the 1960s.(3)The smoking rates,rates of drinking tea and the percentage of population engaged in medium or vigorous physical activity of residents born in the 1980s were all significantly lower than residents born in the 1960s.Conclusion The diversity of nutritional status and lifestyle in different generations could not be ignored,and the phenomenon of increased prevalence of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases(NR-NCDs)of residents born in 1980s should be concerned.