The management of tics |
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Authors: | David Shprecher DO Roger Kurlan MD |
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Affiliation: | Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 1351 Mt. Hope Avenue, Suite 100, Rochester, NY 14620 |
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Abstract: | A tic is a stereotyped repetitive involuntary movement or sound, frequently preceded by premonitory sensations or urges. Most tic disorders are genetic or idiopathic in nature, possibly due to a developmental failure of inhibitory function within frontal‐subcortical circuits modulating volitional movements. Currently available oral medications can reduce the severity of tics, but rarely eliminate them. Botulinum toxin injections can be effective if there are a few particularly disabling motor tics. Deep brain stimulation has been reported to be an effective treatment for the most severe cases, but remains unproven. A comprehensive evaluation accounting for secondary causes, psychosocial factors, and comorbid neuropsychiatric conditions is essential to successful treatment of tic disorders. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society |
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Keywords: | Tourette's syndrome tics ADHD OCD |
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