地铁车站火灾时人员安全疏散仿真分析

目的通过对火灾场景下地铁车站内人员疏散情况的仿真分析,可为国家城市轨道交通疏散设计与预案制定提供指导。方法结合上海市某地铁车站远期(2037年)预测客流量,利用Smartfire和BuildingExodus软件对火灾场景下地铁车站内人员疏散情况进行了仿真模拟。结果当一部自动扶梯关闭,同时采用工作人员合理引导等手段对人群的疏散路线进行人工干预时,疏散时间可满足规范规定的6 min要求。结论工作人员的合理疏导可使各个出入口的利用率较均匀,从而节约人群宝贵的逃生时间,有效防止发生重大人员伤亡事故。

Simulation Analysis of Passenger Emergency Evacuation under Fire in Metro Station

Objective The simulation analysis was carried out for the passenger emergency evacuation under the fire condition at metro station to help improvement of design of emergency evacuation pathway and of emergency preparation under fire condition. Methods Smartfire software and BuildingExodus software were used to simulate the passenger evacuation under fire condition based on passenger flow forecasted in 2037 at one metro station in Shanghai. Results The simulation results showed that evacuation time meets the demand of six minutes specified in the standard while one escalator is closed and the evacuation course is intervened by the rational guidance of working staff. Conclusion The rational guidance of working staff makes availability of exits even, evacuation time saved and major accident avoided.