Engineered human cardiac tissue |
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Authors: | Kreutziger Kareen L Murry Charles E |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Box 358050, 815 Mercer Street, Brotman 454, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;(2) Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;(3) Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Box 358050, 815 Mercer Street, Brotman 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;(4) Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;(5) Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Box 356422, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; |
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Abstract: | The human heart is the first organ to develop during embryogenesis and is arguably the most essential organ for life. However,
after birth, the heart has very little capacity to repair malformations such as congenital heart defects or to regenerate
after an injury such as myocardial infarction. Cardiac tissue engineering addresses the need for a therapeutic biologic implant
to restore cardiac structure and muscle mass. This review highlights current research in cardiac tissue engineering that uses
human cardiomyocytes derived from embryonic stem cells. Other human cell sources are discussed because future human therapies
will benefit from novel techniques using human-induced pluripotent stem cells and cardiomyocytes derived from direct reprogramming
of somatic cells. Furthermore, this review examines the main approaches to creating engineered cardiac tissue with synthetic
scaffolds, natural scaffolds, or no exogenous scaffold (i.e., “scaffold free”). The choice of scaffold and cells ultimately
depends on the goals of the therapy, so the review considers how congenital heart defects define the design parameters for
cardiac tissue engineering needed for surgical repair in pediatric cardiac patients. |
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