异基因造血干细胞移植后早期EB病毒激活的监测和抢先治疗

目的 研究异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后早期EB病毒(EBV)激活的监测及其抢先治疗的结果和预后.方法 以2007年1月至2009年1月在我院行allo-HSCT并连续监测血浆EBV DNA的277例患者为研究对象,其中亲缘人类白细胞抗原(HLA)单倍型移植116例;非血缘移植75例,同胞相合移植86例.预处理主要采用马利兰(BU)+环磷酰胺(CY)/氟达拉滨(Flu)或全身照射(TBI)/Flu方案,此外,亲缘单倍型和非血缘移植加用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG).移植后最初的3个月内每周采用实时定量PCR(RQ-PCR)方法检测血浆EBV DNA,若＞5×102拷贝/ml而无临床症状时诊断为EBV血症.抢先治疗主要应用阿昔洛韦10 mg/kg静脉点滴,每8小时1次,同时在情况允许时减少免疫抑制剂.结果 移植后100 d(+100 d)内33例(11.9%)患者发生EBV血症,中位时间为+44(+19～+84)d;EBV血症的发生率在同胞相合、亲缘单倍型和非血缘移植中分别为0、15.5%和20.0%,在亲缘单倍型与非血缘移植中EBV血症的发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.09),但均较同胞相合移植高(P=0.001).33例患者均首先采用减少免疫抑制剂剂量和阿昔洛韦抢先抗病毒治疗,其中20例患者病毒血症转为阴性,治疗有效率为60.6%,中位时间为治疗后11(4～56)d,抗病毒治疗疗程的中位时间为21(14～60)d.单因素及多因素分析均表明,亲缘单倍型移植、非血缘移植以及Ⅱ～Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)是EBV血症发生的高危因素.发生EBV血症患者(33例)比未发生EBV血症患者(244例)的2年预期生存率明显降低(54.2%比72.1%,P=0.006).结论 allo-HSCT后用RQ-PCR监测血浆EBV DNA载量可以及时确定EBV血症并给予抢先抗病毒治疗,且大多数患者对抢先治疗有完全反应,这样有利于减少高危患者EBV相关疾病的发生率和病死率;亲缘单倍型移植、非血缘移植及Ⅱ～Ⅳ度aGVHD是EBV血症的高危因素;EBV血症对allo-HSCT后患者的生存有负面影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate early Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and the outcome of preemptive therapy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods From January 2007 to January 2009, totally 277 patients after allo-HSCT were studied (haploidentical 116,unrelated 75, matched sibling 86). Conditioning regimens were mainly busulfan (BU) + cyclophosphamide ( CY)/fludarabine(Flu) or total body irradiation (TBI) + CY/Flu. Antihuman thymocyte globulin (ATG)was added in haploidentical and unrelated transplants. Plasma EBV DNA was monitored once to twice weekly in the first 3 months after allo-HSCT with real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). EBV viremia was diagnosed when EBV DNA was more than 5 × 102 copies/ml but without symptoms. Acyclovir (10 mg/kg, intravenous drip, 8 h) was used for preemptive therapy and immnuo-suppressants were decreased if possible. Results Totally 33 patients ( 11.9% ) developed EBV viremia with a median time at day 44 (day 19 to day 84). The incidences of EBV viremia in the transplants from matched sibling,haploidentical, unrelated donors were 0, 15.5%, 20. 0%, respectively. There was no significant difference between haploidentical and unrelated transplants ( P = 0. 09 ), but much less EBV viremia was seen in matched sibling transplant ( P = 0. 001 ). Twenty of 33 patients ( 60. 6% ) had complete response to preemptive therapy. The median time to reach EBV DNA negative in plasma was 11 (4-56) d. The median duration of preemptive therapy was 21 (14-60) d. Both univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that haploidentical and unrelated transplants, acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) were the risk factors for EBV viremia. Two-year overall survival in the patients with EBV viremia was significantly lower than that without EBV viremia (54. 2% vs 72. 1%, P = 0. 006 ). Conclusions Our large clinical study has demonstrated that preemptive therapy with acyclovir that is guided by EBV viremia is effective in majority of the patients with high-risk for EBV reactivation after allo-HSCT, which may further decrease the risk for developing life-threatening EBV disease or post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. Haploidentical and unrelated transplants, acute GVHD are the risk factors for EBV viremia which has negative impact on survival.

Monitoring of early Epstein-Barr virus reactivation and preemptive therapy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Objective To investigate early Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and the outcome of preemptive therapy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods From January 2007 to January 2009, totally 277 patients after allo-HSCT were studied (haploidentical 116,unrelated 75, matched sibling 86). Conditioning regimens were mainly busulfan (BU) + cyclophosphamide ( CY)/fludarabine(Flu) or total body irradiation (TBI) + CY/Flu. Antihuman thymocyte globulin (ATG)was added in haploidentical and unrelated transplants. Plasma EBV DNA was monitored once to twice weekly in the first 3 months after allo-HSCT with real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). EBV viremia was diagnosed when EBV DNA was more than 5 × 102 copies/ml but without symptoms. Acyclovir (10 mg/kg, intravenous drip, 8 h) was used for preemptive therapy and immnuo-suppressants were decreased if possible. Results Totally 33 patients ( 11.9% ) developed EBV viremia with a median time at day 44 (day 19 to day 84). The incidences of EBV viremia in the transplants from matched sibling,haploidentical, unrelated donors were 0, 15.5%, 20. 0%, respectively. There was no significant difference between haploidentical and unrelated transplants ( P = 0. 09 ), but much less EBV viremia was seen in matched sibling transplant ( P = 0. 001 ). Twenty of 33 patients ( 60. 6% ) had complete response to preemptive therapy. The median time to reach EBV DNA negative in plasma was 11 (4-56) d. The median duration of preemptive therapy was 21 (14-60) d. Both univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that haploidentical and unrelated transplants, acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) were the risk factors for EBV viremia. Two-year overall survival in the patients with EBV viremia was significantly lower than that without EBV viremia (54. 2% vs 72. 1%, P = 0. 006 ). Conclusions Our large clinical study has demonstrated that preemptive therapy with acyclovir that is guided by EBV viremia is effective in majority of the patients with high-risk for EBV reactivation after allo-HSCT, which may further decrease the risk for developing life-threatening EBV disease or post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. Haploidentical and unrelated transplants, acute GVHD are the risk factors for EBV viremia which has negative impact on survival.