卵白蛋白经鼻致敏建立变应性鼻炎动物模型

目的　建立豚鼠变应性鼻炎动物模型,并对其速发和迟发症状、病理学和免疫学指标进行观察。方法　实验豚鼠分为模型组、治疗组和阴性对照组,每组 12只。阴性对照组未予致敏和激发,模型组和地氯雷他定治疗组由卵白蛋白经鼻反复致敏和激发后,对其喷嚏、抓鼻、鼻腔分泌物及鼻塞做动态症状学观察;通过被动皮肤过敏实验,测定血清IgG1和IgE水平;计量鼻腔灌洗液中白细胞总数、嗜酸粒细胞数及组胺水平;并且观察鼻腔组织的病理改变。结果　经抗原激发后,模型组出现典型的喷嚏、抓鼻、鼻塞和分泌物增多的表现;鼻腔灌洗液中炎性细胞和嗜酸粒细胞增多、组胺水平升高、血清IgG1和IgE滴度升高。上述表现与阴性对照组比较差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05或<0.01),也比治疗组明显增高(P<0.05或<0.01)。模型组的鼻腔黏膜嗜酸粒细胞浸润明显,小血管扩张,杯状细胞扩大。此外,模型组还可观察到迟发相鼻塞。结论　此模型能良好地反映变应性鼻炎的各项表现,方法简易,建模时间短,亦能观察迟发性鼻塞,且对组胺H1受体拮抗剂的治疗反应明确,是研究变应性鼻炎的良好工具。

Establishment of a modified intranasally ovabumin induced animal model of allergic rhinitis

OBJECTIVE: To observe the early and late symptomatic, pathological and immunological changes in an intranasal ovabumin-induced animal model of allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs. METHODS: Guinea pigswere intranasally sensitized with ovalbumin absorbed on aluminum hydroxide and after 5 days' interval, they were challenged with 1% ovalbumin solution once every 3 days for total 11 times. Two control groups were studied in parallel, the positive treatment control group was treated with antihistamine and the negative control group was sham-sensitized and sham-challenged. Typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis, such as sneezing, nasal scratching, nasal blockage and rhinorrhea were evaluated. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction (PCA) was performed to measure the levels of IgG1 and IgE. Eosinophils infiltration and goblet cells in nasal mucosa were observed. In addition, the level of histamine and the number of total leukocytes and eosinophils in the nasal lavage fluid were also measured. RESULTS: In the model group, symptoms of sneezing, nasal scratching, nasal blockage and rhinorrhea were induced after ovalbumin challenge. The respiratory rate (RR), which reflected the resistance of upper airway, showed a biphasic change. In the PCA test, IgG1 and IgE levels increased after challenges. Eosinophil infiltration in nasal mucosa was more obvious in active groups in comparison to with the negative control group (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). The histamine, total leucocytes and eosinophils levels in nasal lavage fluid also showed higher in the model group (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). The antihistamine treated animals were also induced out above changes but modest compared with the model group (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). The negative control showed few of above changes with significant difference (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results implied that the modified animal model of allergic rhinitis was capable of showing satisfactory symptomatic and pathophysiological changes in allergic rhinitis. It showed a biphasic nasal blockage with shorter establishment duration. The model also had good treatment reaction to antihistamine. The animal model we introduced may be useful in the study of allergic rhinitis.