陕西铜川地区无偿献血人群Rh血型表型分布调查

目的 调查铜川地区无偿献血人群Rh血型表型分布情况,建立Rh血型表型数据库,为临床安全输血提供有力保障。方法 使用卡式微柱凝胶法,对2015年6月～2017年3月来自铜川市中心血站的3 419例无偿献血者红细胞样本进行Rh血型抗原检测,用间接抗人球蛋白试验对RhD初筛阴性的标本进行确认,确定其Rh血型表型,并进行分类统计、计算机存档。与国内其他地区Rh血型表型分布情况比较采用t检验。结果 3 419例无偿献血者RhD阴性率0.55%,Rh其他抗原阳性率分别为D:99.45%,C:90.41%,c:55.10%,E:45.51%和e:92.19%; Rh抗原基因频率分别为D:0.921,C:0.6737,c:0.3207,E:0.2755和e:0.7306; Rh表型分布特征为:CCDee>CcDEe>CcDee>ccDEE>ccDEe>CcDEE>ccDee>RhD阴性。统计分析显示,铜川地区的CCDee和ccDEE构成比与南宁和黔南地区比较差异具有统计学意义(χ2=21.552,P=0.016; χ2=18.519,P=0.001),而与唐山、沈阳、邢台、天津滨海四地区比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.227～1.31,均P>0.05)。结论 铜川地区Rh表型分布具有北方地域特点^1～4],RhD阴性率符合我国汉族人群分布特点,中国南北方地区在不同的Rh表型方面存在差异,Rh血型表型分布调查对于保证输血安全具有重要意义。

Survey of Rh Blood Type Phenotypes in Unpaid Blood Donors in Tongchuan Area of Shaanxi Province

Abstract:Objective To investigate the distribution of Rhblood type phenotype in unpaid blood donors in Tongchuan area and establish a Rh blood type phenotype database to provide a strong guarantee for clinical safeblood transfusion.Methods The Rh blood group antigens of3 419 cases of blood donors samples were detected by the method of card columnweak gel in the Tongchuan Blood Center from June 2015 to March 2017,and identification of RhD negative specimens were confirmed fordetermining the phenotype of its Rh blood group with indrect antiglobulin test.The cassification statistics were carried out and filed with computer.Rh distribution with other parts of thedomestic distribution of blood type was compared using t test.Results The negative rate of RhD in 3 419 unrelated donors was 0.55%.The positive rates of other antigens in Rh were 99.45%,90.41% in C,55.10%in E,45.51% in E and 92.19% in E,respectively.D:0.921,C:0.673 7,c:0.320 7,E:0.275 5 and e:0.730 6.The distribution of Rh phenotype was:CCDee>CcDEe>CcDee>ccDEE>ccDEe>CcDEE>ccDee> RhD negative.Statistical analysis showedthat there was significant difference between the composition ratio of CCDee and ccDEE in Tongchuan and that in Nanning and Qiannan(χ2=21.552,P=0.016; χ2=18.519,P=0.001).There was no significant difference between Shenyang,Xingtai and Tianjin Binhai(χ²=0.227～1.31,all P>0.05).Conclusion The distribution of Rh phenotype in Tongchuan areahas the characteristics of northern region^1～4].The RhD negative rateis in line with the distribution characteristics of Chinese Han population.Rh and Rh genotypes differ in southern and northern China,Phenotypic distribution of the investigation for the safety of blood transfusion is of great significance.