Parents' Preferences for School- and Community-Based Services for Children at Risk for ADHD

This study used conjoint analysis, trade-off methodology employed by marketing researchers and health economists, to examine preferences of parents for school- and community-based interventions for childhood ADHD. Participants were 29 mothers (86.2% Caucasian) of boys aged 5–13 years with or at risk of ADHD. Mothers completed a conjoint survey that examined trade-offs across 15 attributes of service content (e.g., materials, resources), process (e.g., time demand, format/delivery mode), and outcome (e.g., improvement in children's behavioral functioning). Findings suggest that parents preferred services maximizing children's behavioral and social outcomes (relative to family functioning). Parents were willing to give up services with desirable delivery features (such as daily homeschool notes and child's frequent participation in therapy) for programs optimizing outcomes. Simulation analyses, forecasting tools that predict how respondents would behave in the real world, revealed that 62.1% of parents were predicted to prefer a standard, evidence-informed school-based service involving daily teacher involvement and monthly parent involvement, while 37.9% of parents were predicted to use a standard, evidence-informed community-based service involving daily parent involvement and monthly teacher involvement. Findings from this study show that parents value improved social and behavioral outcomes more than desirable service delivery features. However, results suggest that if the treatment package includes school-based services in which there is greater teacher involvement and less parent involvement, a majority of parents prefer school services, especially if they involve children's ongoing use of self-control strategies. Results suggest ways in which the delivery of effective treatments needs to be altered to make them more palatable and acceptable by parents. Other implications for school-based practitioners are discussed.