Neuroprotective effects of tamoxifen on experimental spinal cord injury in rats |
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| Authors: | Özgür İsmailoğlu Baha Oral Aşkın Görgülü Recep Sütçü Necdet Demir |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;2. Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy;1. Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA;2. Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30302-5030, USA;3. Department of Psychiatry, Genome Research Institute, Bldg E Room 216, 2170 E. Galbraith Rd..ML-0506, Reading, OH 45237-1625, USA;4. Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA;1. The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, QLD 4072, Australia;2. The University of Western Australia, School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, WA 6009, Australia;3. The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, QLD 4072, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tamoxifen on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels and ultrastructural changes in rats with spinal cord injury. Rats were divided into four groups: control group (laminectomy only), trauma group (laminectomy + spinal trauma), tamoxifen group (laminectomy + spinal trauma + tamoxifen), and vehicle group (laminectomy + spinal trauma + vehicle). Spinal cords were extirpated at the T7–T12 level and tissue samples from the spinal cords were gathered for TNF-α and IL-1β measurements at 1 and 6 hours. Spinal cords harvested at 6 hours were evaluated for ultrastructural changes. TNF-α and IL-1β levels at 6 hours were significantly lower in the tamoxifen group than in the trauma group. Electron microscopic examination of tissue from the trauma group revealed gross cell deformities with widespread edema of all structures as well as severe edema in the neuropil. At 6 hours after trauma, these ultrastructural changes were less marked in the tamoxifen group. Our findings support a neuroprotective and restorative role for tamoxifen in the context of secondary pathological biochemical events after SCI. |
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