Reproducibility of fascicle length and pennation angle of gastrocnemius medialis in human gait in vivo |
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| Authors: | Nickos Aggeloussis Erasmia Giannakou Kirsten Albracht Adamantios Arampatzis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece;2. Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Germany;3. Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-University Berlin, Germany;1. University of Nantes, UFR STAPS, Laboratory "Motricité, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), Nantes, France;2. The University of Queensland, NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia;3. University of Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China;2. National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen, China;3. Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen, China;1. School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia;2. School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia;1. Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada;2. Department of Motion and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Germany;1. School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, China;2. Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;3. Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong;4. Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China;5. National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, China;6. Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, China |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of the current study was to examine the reproducibility of fascicle length and pennation angle of gastrocnemius medialis while human walking. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the reproducibility of fascicle length and pennation angle of gastrocnemius medialis in vivo during human gait. Twelve males performed 10 gait trials on a treadmill, in 2 separate days. B-mode ultrasonography, with the ultrasound probe firmly adjusted in the transverse and frontal planes using a special cast, was used to measure the fascicle length and the pennation angle of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM). A Vicon 624 system with three cameras operating at 120 Hz was also used to record the ankle and knee joint angles. The results showed that measurements of fascicle length and pennation angle showed high reproducibility during the gait cycle, both within the same day and between different days. Moreover, the root mean square differences between the repeated waveforms of both variables were very small, compared with their ranges (fascicle length: RMS = ～3 mm, range: 38–63 mm; pennation angle: RMS = ～1.5°, range: 22–32°). However, their reproducibility was lower compared to the joint angles. It was found that representative data have to be derived by a wide number of gait trials (fascicle length ～six trials, pennation angle more than 10 trials), to assure the reliability of the fascicle length and pennation angle in human gait. |
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