模拟高原两种海拔高度环境人体生理指标的变化

目的探索急进高原人员的生理变化,验证模拟高原装置的性能。方法健康志愿者24名,按照随机数字表法分为4组,每组6人。均采用高海拔模拟装置,分2个阶段进行高原模拟。第一阶段模拟海拔3 500 m(相当于高海拔),间隔24 h后进行第二阶段,模拟海拔5 000 m(相当于超高海拔)。在2个阶段进舱前、模拟海拔3 500 m和5 000 m时分别采集血样进行血常规和血气分析,进舱前后进行心电图检测,出现心脏不适的人员,加做心肌酶检测,每组各有1名志愿者同时进行心电监护。结果随着模拟海拔高度的升高,志愿者脉率逐渐加快,脉氧(SpO2)逐渐下降,与进舱前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。血常规显示第一阶段志愿者红细胞、血红蛋白、白细胞总数及其分类显著增高,血小板显著降低,与进舱前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与第一阶段比较,第二阶段志愿者血小板明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与进舱前比较,2个阶段志愿者动脉血氧分压(PaCO2)、血氧饱和度(SaO2)明显降低;第二阶段pH值明显增高,动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);与第一阶段比较,PaO2、SaO2、PaCO2明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高原模拟能够在保障安全的前提下,反映人体快速进入高原的生理状况,为进一步实施内地高原习服打下基础。

Changes of physiological indexes of human body at two altitudes in plateau simulation

Objective To investigate the physiological changes of people when advancing rapidly to the plateau,and to evaluate the performance of high-altitude simulation device.Methods A total of 24 healthy volunteers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 individuals in each by the random number table method.The high-altitude simulation device was used to simulate the plateau in two stages.The first stage simulated an altitude of 3500 m(equivalent to high altitude),and the second stage was performed after an interval of 24 hours from the first stage,which simulated an altitude of 5000 m(equivalent to ultra-high altitude).During the two stages,for blood routine and blood gas analysis,blood samples were taken before entering the chamber of each stage,and at the simulated altitudes of 3500 and 5000 m in the chamber.Furthermore,ECG tests were also conducted before and after entering the chamber.In the case of cardiac abnormality,the cardiac enzyme test would be carried out.Meanwhile,one volunteer in each group was under ECG monitoring.Results As the simulated altitude increased,the volunteers’pulse rates increased gradually,while their saturation of periferal oxygen(SpO2)decreased gradually.Comparing the pulse rate and SpO2 at 3500 m with those before entering the chamber,and comparing the pulse rate and SpO2 at 5000 m with those before entering the chamber;all the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05,or P<0.01).The blood routine tests demonstrated a significant increase in the total counts of red blood cells,hemoglobin,platelets and white blood cells and other contents at the first stage,i.e.,3500 m;and the differences were statistically significant compared with those before entering the chamber(P<0.05,or P<0.01).Furthermore,the pH values increased gradually,whereas arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),oxygen saturation(SaO2),and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2)decreased gradually.The significant decrease in HCO3-showed at 5,000 m,and the differences were statistically significant compared with those before entering the chamber(P<0.05,or P<0.01).Conclusion The plateau simulation can reflect physiological changes of the human body after advancing rapidly to the plateau under the premise of ensuring safety.It has laid a foundation for the further implementation of plateau acclimatization on plain area.