寰枢椎骨折与脱位的外科治疗

目的提高上颈椎骨折与脱位的诊断和手术治疗水平。方法自１９８７年１月～１９９７年１月１０年间共收治颈椎骨折或骨折脱位１６２例，上位颈椎损伤３６例，占颈椎损伤病例的２２．２％。其中枕寰关节脱位１例，寰椎横韧带损伤３例，寰椎骨折３例，齿状突骨折或合并寰枢椎脱位２６例，Ｈａｎｇｍａｎ骨折３例。交通事故伤３０例，高处坠落伤６例。临床均有颈部疼痛、活动受限。有不同程度神经受压症状与体征者２５例。根据损伤类型，分别采用枕颈框架植骨融合术，Ｂｒｏｏｋ－Ｊｅｎｋｉｎ寰枢椎融合术，齿状突直接加压螺钉内固定术，前路椎体双螺钉固定术。所有病例，术前首先行头颈部双向牵引复位。结果３６例病人随访６～９６个月，平均４８个月，Ｘ线显示所有病人术后上颈椎稳定性可靠，脊髓受压症状与体征消失。结论早期诊断、正确处理是获得良好预后的关键，直接内固定，能保持解剖复位。

Surgical Treatment for Atlantoaxial Fracture or Dislocation

Aim To evaluate the diagnosis of and operation for fracture or dislocation in the upper cervical spine. Methods Skull skeletal and cervical traction was made on 162 patients with fracture or dislocation in cervical spine, who felt pain and stiff in their necks. And then the occipitocervical fusion, Brook Jenkin atlantoaxial fusion, odontoid process compressive screw and vertebral double screws fixture were performed according to different fractures or dislocations. Results Followed up for 6 to 96 months (averately 48 months), X ray examination showed the upper cervical spines in all patients were stable and the discomfort feeling disappeared. Conclusion Early diagnosis and the direct internal fixation for atlantoaxial fracture or dislocation are good and important.