澜沧县受威胁药用维管束植物的多样性及其分布特征

丰富的药用植物多样性是我国中医药事业发展的重要物质基础,摸清地区资源现状,可以为其药用资源的可持续保护和开发利用提供科学指导。该文依据《全国中药资源普查技术规范》和《县域植物物种多样性调查与评估技术指导手册》对云南省澜沧拉祜族自治县(简称"澜沧县")开展了全县范围的中药资源普查及野生植物多样性调查与评估工作,分析了其中受威胁药用植物维管束植物的多样性及其分布特征,结果发现:全县境内共有受威胁药用维管束植物33种,隶属于17科23属,分别包括极危、濒危、易危等级的物种1种、10种、22种。这些受威胁药用维管束植物分布在澜沧县境内的不同区域,以县东南部的糯扎渡镇和发展河乡、西南部的糯福乡以及西部的竹塘乡包含的受威胁物种多样性最为丰富,且其物种丰富度随海拔的变化呈单峰格局。研究仅发现6种受威胁药用维管束植物在糯扎渡自然保护区澜沧片区内受到保护,而多数该类群物种丰富的区域尚未得到有效保护。因此,该文建议进一步完善现有保护体系,以更好地保护和利用澜沧县地区的药用植物多样性。

Diversity and distribution of the threatened medicinal vascular plants in Lancang

The rich diversity in medicinal plants provides an important material basic for the development of Traditional Chinese medicine in China. It is important to explore the present situation of medicinal plants within special regions in order to provide scientific instructions for their sustainable protection and exploitation and utilization. In this study, we carried out the field survey according to the guideline of national survey of Chinese material medica resources and the guideline of plant species diversity survey and estimation at county level with the line transect method. With the field surveyed data, we explored the diversity and distribution of the threatened medicinal vascular plants in Lancang. We found that there were 33 species of the threatened medicinal vascular plants in this county. These species were from 23 genera and 17 families, and were composed of one critical endangered, 10 endangered and 22 vulnerable species. They were widely distributed across the whole county and were most concentrated in the town of Nuozhadu, Fazhanhe, Nuofu and Zhutang, which were located in the southeastern, southwestern and western of Lancang, respectively. We also found that the plant species richness followed a unimodal pattern along elevation. In addition, we found that the areas of Nuozhadu Nature Reserve in Lancang only covered six threatened medicinal vascular plants, while most of the regions with high species richness were not well protected. Therefore, we proposed to make more efforts to improve the protection measurements in order to better protect and utilize the medicinal plants in Lancang.