Enhanced release of synaptic glutamate underlies the potentiation of oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury after induction of NOS-2 |
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Authors: | Vidwans Aniruddha S Hewett Sandra J |
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Affiliation: | Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3401, USA. |
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Abstract: | Reactive nitrogen oxide species (RNOS) may contribute to the progression/enhancement of ischemic injury by augmentation of glutamate release, reduction of glutamate uptake, or a combination of both. Consistent with this, induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) in murine neocortical cell cultures potentiated neuronal cell death caused by combined oxygen-glucose deprivation in association with a net increase in extracellular glutamate accumulation. However, uptake of glutamate via high affinity, sodium-dependent glutamate transporters was unimpaired by induction of NOS-2 under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Further, blocking possible routes of extra-synaptic glutamate release with NPPB [5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid], a volume-sensitive organic anion channel blocker, or TBOA (d,l-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate), an inhibitor of glutamate transport, exacerbated rather than ameliorated injury. Finally, treatment with riluzole or tetanus toxin attenuated the enhancement in both glutamate accumulation and oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury supporting the idea that increased synaptic release of glutamate underlies, at least in part, the potentiation of neuronal injury by RNOS after NOS-2 induction. |
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Keywords: | DETA/NO, {(z)-1-[(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl)-amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate} EGF, epidermal growth factor IFN-γ, Interferon-γ LDH, lactate dehydrogenase LPS, lipopolysaccharide NPPB, [5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid] RNOS, reactive nitrogen oxide species SIN-1, 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride SNAP, S-nitroso-acetyl- smallcaps" >d, smallcaps" >l-penicillamine TBOA, smallcaps" >d, smallcaps" >l-threo-β-benzyloxyaspartate TeNT, tetanus toxin VSOAC, Volume-sensitive organic anion channels |
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