气管切开技术微创化发展历程

回顾气管切开技术的发展历史，发现这一历程可分成早期气管切开阶段、标准气管切开阶段和经皮气管切开阶段等三个不同的发展时期。尤其在这半个多世纪，随着现代自然科学技术的发展和适时应用，使经皮气管切开技术和器械朝着微创化方向的发展成为可能。结合经皮气管切开术在中国的发展，可以看到这一微创气管切开技术在ICU需气管切开的危重病人中已得到广泛应用。与传统的气管切开术比较，经皮气管切开术具有简单、快速和并发症少、安全和效价比好的特点，目前许多ICU已将经皮气管切开技术作为气管切开的常规技术。

Mini-invasive development of percutaneous tracheotomy

There are three stages in the developmental history of tracheotomy, namely, early tracheotomy, standard tracheotomy and percutaneous tracheotomy. During recent 5 decades, with the development and application of modern science and technology, it is possible that percutaneous tracheotomy and its instruments develop toward mini-invasion. Nowadays, percutaneous tracheotomy is applied extensively on critical patients in ICU. As compared with other kinds of tracheotomy, percutaneous tracheotomy has some characteristics, including simplicity, rapidness, rare subsequent complications and safety etc. Therefore, it becomes a regular technique.