2010-2012年福建省手足口病流行病学特征分析

目的 分析福建省手足口病流行特征,探讨其流行规律,为制定防治策略提供依据。 方法 利用《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》监测信息,运用 SAS 9.0 软件分析。 结果 福建省2010-2012年共报告手足口病209 765例,其中重症1895例、死亡70例;年均发病率为190.59/10万,死亡率为0.06/10万。疫情在全省范围内广泛流行,具有高发病率、高重症病死率、变症快的特征,尤其对于3岁儿童;发病、重症、死亡均表现出一定程度的地域集中性和明显的季节性,均是男性多于女性;各年龄组均有发病,最小为出生1天新生儿、最大为80岁;发病年龄以4岁为主(占91.74%),重症以3岁为主(占92.25%),死亡以2岁为主(占94.28%),在5岁儿童中年龄越小重症率越高。毒株构成比以EV71型为主,但总体呈波动下降趋势,其他肠道病毒呈波动上升趋势,重症、死亡病例主要由EV71型病毒感染引起。 结论 福建省手足口病在全省范围内广泛流行,具有高发病率、高重症病死率特征,尤其对于3岁儿童。当前应着重进一步加强重点人群(包括幼儿和幼儿日常看护者)和重点机构(托幼机构)的防控工作。

Epidemiology of hand foot and mouth disease in Fujian, 2010 - 2012

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease （HFMD） in Fujian province and provide evidence for HFMD prevention and control. Methods The surveillance data of HFMD in Fujian from 2010 to 2012 were analyzed with SAS 9. 0. Results A total of 209 765 HFMD cases were reported during this period, including 1895 severe cases and 70 deaths. The reported annual average incidence was 190. 59/lakh and the death rate was 0. 06/lakh. More cases, including severe cases and deaths, occurred in males than in females. The incidence of HFMD was with certain degree geographic clustering and obvious seasonality. The cases occurred in all age groups （1 day -80 years old）. Most cases were children aged 〈4 years （91.74%）, the severe cases mainly occurred among children aged 〈3 years （92. 25% ） and the deaths mainly occurred among children aged 〈 2 years （94. 28% ）. The severe rate declined with age in children aged 〈 5 years. The major pathogen was EV71, but the constituent ratio of EV71 was in decline. The constituent ratio of other enteric virus was in increase, but most severe cases and deaths were still caused by EV71. Conclusion HFMD spread in the province with the characteristics of high incidence, high case fatality rate in severe cases and fast deterioration to death, especially among the children aged 〈 3 years. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of HFMD in risk populations, including children and their daily caregivers, and in key places, including child care settings.