结直肠癌中microRNA标志物临床诊断价值的研究进展

结直肠癌是最常见的消化道恶性肿瘤，其发生、发展及诊疗、预后已成为当前临床研究关注的热点。microRNAs (miRNAs) 是一类内源性的、19~25个碱基长度的小分子非编码RNA，在人体生命活动中具有广泛的调节功能。目前发现，部分miRNAs异常表达与结直肠癌的发生、发展密切相关，提示miRNAs可作为结直肠癌临床早期诊断及预后评估的特异性新型生物标志物。文章综述了miRNAs作为结直肠癌临床早期诊断、预后和治疗结果评估生物标志物的研究进展，揭示结直肠癌miRNAs参与的基因表达调控机制, 展望miRNAs作为结直肠癌新型诊断分子标志物及治疗靶点的广阔临床应用前景。

Recent Progress of microRNA as Colorectal Cancer Clinical Biomarker

Colorectal cancer is the commonest malignancy. Its occurrence, development, diagnosis andprognosis have become a hot topic in current clinical researches. microRNAs (miRNAs) are an extensiveclass of endogenous, non-coding, short (19-25 nt) RNA molecules and have the extensive adjustment inhuman life activities. Recent researches have revealed aberrant expression of miRNAs could contribute tothe development and progression of colorectal cancer, indicating that miRNAs could be a novel biomarkerin clinical early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of colorectal cancer. This review focuses on the recentprogress of miRNAs in colorectal cancer, including research progress of miRNA as the diagnosis, treatmentand prognosis clinical biomarker of colorectal cancer, regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in colorectal cancerand broad clinical application prospects of miRNAs as the novel colorectal cancer clinical biomarker.