获得性维生素K依赖性凝血因子缺乏症45例临床分析

目的 探讨获得性维生素K依赖性凝血因子缺乏症的病因、临床特点、治疗疗效.方法 回顾性分析45例患者的病因和临床表现.均给予静脉滴注维生素K110～40 mg/d,部分临床出血症状严重患者辅以输注新鲜冰冻血浆或凝血酶原复合物,维持治疗1～3个月.采用Stago自动血凝分析仪检测治疗前后凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)变化,部分有条件者检测治疗前后Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ因子活性变化.结果 45例患者中未发现明显病因19例(42.2%,19/45),常见原因为抗凝血灭鼠剂中毒11例(42.3%,11/26).临床以多部位出血为主要表现,出血部位依次为黏膜出血(77.8%,35/45)和肉眼血尿(46.7%,21/45),应用维生素K1治疗后,PT、APTT显著缩短[PT:(110.35±35.36)、(13.48±2.17)s,t=19.10,P＜0.01;APTT:(98.91±48.98)、(33.25±6.95)s,t=6.19,P＜0.01],凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ活性显著增高[Ⅱ:C:(17.48±10.93)%、(70.12±21.31)%,t=12.13,P＜0.01;Ⅶ:C:(10.23±5.68)%、(92.76±29.15)%,t=14.43,P＜0.01;Ⅸ:C:(11.98±4.69)%、(88.64±40.21)%,t=13.27,P＜0.01;Ⅹ:C:(12.93±7.48)%、(63.97±20.11)%,t=9.74,P＜0.01].结论 维生素K依赖性凝血因子缺乏症患者病史隐匿、容易误诊,检测PT、APTT对其诊断及疗效监测具有一定价值.应用维生素K1 10～40 mg/d静脉滴注治疗安全有效.

Clinical analysis of 45 patients with acquired deficiencies of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors

Objective To explore the acquired deficiencies of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors in etiology, clinical characteristics and treatment. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of etiology, clinical manifestations of 45 patients with acquired deficiencies of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor. All patients were treated with Vitamin K1 10 -40 mg/d, i. v. , for three months. Some patients with severe blooding were additionally treated with fresh freezing plasma or prothromibin complex. Prothrombin time(PT) and activated partial thromboplastic time(APTT) were measured using Stago automatic blood coagulation analyzer before and after treatment. Ⅱ , Ⅶ, Ⅸ and Ⅹ were measured in some patients. Results Among the 45 cases, no certain cause was found in 19 cases (42.2%), anticoagulant rodenticides poison was a common cause ( 11 cases,42.3% ). The main presentations was hemorrhage, the most common bleeding sites were mucosa (77.8%) (35/45)and hematuria (46.7%) ( 21/45 ). After vitamin K1 treatment, PT and APTT had shortened remarkably from ( 110.35 ± 35.36 ) s,(98.91 ±48.98)s to (13.48 ±2. 17)s,(33.25 ±6.95)s,respectively(t=19.10 and 6.19,Ps ＜0.01)and the activities of factor Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ had rapidly increased from ( 17.48 ± 10.93 ) %, ( 10.23 ± 5.68 )%, ( 11.98 ±4.69)%,(12.93±7.48)% to (70. 12 ±21.31)%,(92.76 ±29. 15)%,(88.64 ±40. 21)%,(63.97 ±20.11)%(t=12.13,14.43,13.27and9. 74,respectively,Ps＜0. 01).Conclusions The histories of patients with acquired deficiencies of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors are usually hiding, therefore it is easily misdiagnosed. It is worth of detecting PT and APTT in diagnosis and monitoring. Using vitamin K1 10 -40 mg/d is effective and safety.