Prenatal protein-energy malnutrition alters various biochemical components of the membranous bones in fetal rats

The effects of prenatal protein-energy malnutrition on the biochemical parameters of the membranous bone were studied using fetal rats. Timed pregnant rats were fed a protein-deficient diet as an experimental group from day 13 of gestation, whereas control dams were fed a normal protein diet. By day 15, radioactive Na2SO4 was injected. On day 22, all fetuses were delivered by cesarean section. The hexosamine content per milligram dry tissue, and the protein and hexosamine contents per guanidine-HCl extract were greater in the mandibles but less in the calvaria of the malnourished group than in those of the controls. Calcium content per gram dry tissue was lower in both bones of the malnourished group. 35S-sulfate uptake per milligram dry tissue or milligram proteoglycan was greater in the malnourished group than in the controls in both bones. The mandible in the malnourished group had less lower-weight molecular proteoglycan subunits in the dissociative condition. Protein-energy malnutrition affects the mandible and calvaria in different ways, although both bones originate from membranous bone. Insufficient degradation of proteoglycan could be the reason for the delay of mineralization in the malnourished bones.