开颅减压手术治疗恶性脑静脉血栓九例报告

目的评价开颅减压手术治疗恶性脑静脉血栓患者的疗效。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学宣武医院2010年2月至2015年8月采用开颅减压手术治疗9例恶性脑静脉血栓患者的临床特点、治疗过程及随访结果。结果 9例患者术前格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分均9分,7例存活,2例死亡。6例患者(术前GCS 8分1例,6分3例,4分1例,3分1例)经减压手术治疗联合其他控制颅内压治疗,病情得到缓解,恢复较好[格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)4~5分];1例(术前GCS 4分)术后重残(GOS 3分);1例(GCS 3分)出院时仍为深昏迷状态(GOS 2分),1个月后死于并发症;1例术前双侧瞳孔散大(GCS 5分)行开颅减压术后瞳孔未回缩,循环衰竭,放弃治疗死亡。均未出现与手术直接相关的并发症。7例存活患者出院后继续使用华法林抗凝治疗至少6个月,控制国际标准化比值为2~3。随访4个月至5年,复查头部MRI,未发现静脉窦血栓复发,3个月后6例患者改良Rankin量表评分(mRS)0~2分。另外1例患者(术前GCS 4分)出院4个月后出现手术部位同侧脑出血,停止抗凝并保守治疗20 d后好转(mRS 4分)。结论对于恶性脑静脉血栓患者,出现急性脑疝或有脑疝倾向时,急诊行开颅减压手术有可能挽救生命,并使患者达到较好的生活质量。

Decompression craniotomy for malignant cerebral venous thrombosis:a report of 9 cases

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of decompression craniotomy for the treatment of patients with malignant cerebral venous thrombosis. Methods The clinical characteristics,treatment process and follow - up results of 9 patients with malignant cerebral venous thrombosis treated with decom-pression craniotomy in Beijing Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from February 2010 to August 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The preoperative Glasgow coma scale (GCS)score of 9 patients was < 9,7 survived and 2 died. The conditions of 6 patients (preoperative GCS 8 in 1 case, GCS 6 in 3cases,GCS 4 in 1case,and GCS3 in 1case)were improved in combination with other control intrac ranial pressure treatment after craniotomy decompression surgery. They recovered well (Glasgow outcome scale, GOS 4 -5). One patient (preoperative GCS 4)had severe disability (GOS 3)after procedure;1 (preoperative GCS 3)was in deep comatose state at the time of discharge and died of complications after 1 month;1 patient with bilateral mydriasis (GCS 5)was treated with craniotomy decompression,and his pupils did not return,he had circulatory failure,gave up the treatment,and died. All patients did not have the complications directly related to the surgery. Seven patients survived and continued to use warfarin anticoagulation therapy for at least 6 moths after discharge. The controlled international normalized ratio (INR)was 2 -3. They were followed up for 3 months to 5 years. The head MRI re-examination did not reveal the recurrence of venous sinus thrombosis. The modified Rankin scales (mRS)score was 0 to 2 in 6 cases after 3 months. The other one (preoperative GCS 4)had ipsilateral cerebral hemorrhage on surgical site at 4 months after discharge. He was improved after withdrawing anticoagulation and using conservative treatment for 20 d (mRS score 4). Conclusions For patients with malignant cerebral venous thrombosis,when the patients have acute cerebral hernia or hernia tendency,the emergency craniotomy decompression surgery may save lives and enable patients to achieve a better quality of life.