婴幼儿腹泻抗菌药物的使用与分析

目的 了解儿童腹泻治疗中抗菌药物的使用情况，促进临床合理用药。方法 自行设计调查表收集某儿童医院腹泻患儿的临床用药情况和病原学检查结果，应用SPSS软件进行分析。结果 腹泻患儿抗菌药物使用率为76．94％，其中，第3代头孢菌素(56．39％)和呋喃唑酮(41．11％)的使用率最高；在使用抗菌药物的277例患儿中，使用1种抗菌药物者101例(36．46％)，2种及以上者176例(63．54％)，参考病原学检查及药敏试验选择抗菌药物者43例(15．52％)。大部分细菌性痢疾采用2种抗菌药物治疗(73．89％)，非痢疾的其他感染性腹泻中，抗菌药物使用率为59．11％，以单种抗菌药物为主(占49．75％)。结论 在对儿童腹泻的治疗中，抗菌药物的使用仍然很普遍，医师合理用药的意识需进一步加强。

Analysis of antimicrobial usage in children with acute diarrhea

Objective To study the antimicrobial usage in children with acute diarrhea, and to promote the rational clinical antimicrobial application. Methods Questionnaires for the investigation of clinical antimicrobial use and pathogenic exam results were designed, all data were entered into computer and analysed by SPSS software. Results The usage rate of antimicrobial agents in children with diarrhea was 76.94%, the third generation of cephalosporins was the most common used agents (56.39%) and followed by furanzolidone (41.11%). Among 277 patients who had received antimicrobial agents therapy, 101 patients (36.46%) used only one kind of antimicrobial agents, 176 (63.54%) used at least two kinds of antimicrobial agents, 43 (15.52%) children received their therapy according to the results of pathogenic and antimicrobial susceptibility tests, most bacterial dysentery was treated by two kinds of antimicrobial agents (73.89%), 59.11% of children with non bacterial diarrhea received antimicrobial agents therapy, and the majority (49.75%) were treated by single agents. Conclusion The application of antimicrobial agents in children with diarrhea is prevalent, it is necessary to pay attention to the rational use of antimicrobial agents.