微小RNA在卵巢癌中侵袭转移机制的研究进展

微小RNA（microRNA，miRNA）是一类长约20～22个核苷的非编码RNA分子。miRNA通过调控靶基因影响肿瘤细胞的分化、增殖、转移及细胞坏死。大量研究提示miRNA与人类恶性肿瘤有关，其在卵巢癌组织中表达往往存在异常。卵巢癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一，90%以上的卵巢癌是上皮性癌，5年生存率仅30%，因卵巢癌早期多无明显症状，故在诊断时，肿瘤发生转移率高。卵巢癌的侵袭转移机制涉及多种物质及通路，有大量研究表明肿瘤干细胞相关miRNA、上皮－间充质转换相关miRNA、细胞外基质相关miRNA以及血管形成相关miRNA与卵巢癌侵袭、转移过程有关，其在卵巢癌组织中的异常表达能通过调控下游物质的表达，从而参与卵巢癌的发生发展及侵袭转移。综述miRNA在卵巢癌中侵袭转移相关机制方面的研究。

Mechanism of MiRNA in Ovarian Cancer Invasion and Metastasis

MicroRNA(miRNA) is a class of non-coding RNA molecule, 20-22 nucleotides in length, which affects the differentiation, proliferation, metastasis and necrosis of tumor cells by regulating target gene. It is fully reported that miRNA has a relationship with human malignant tumors and it has an abnormal expression in ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecologic malignant tumors, 90% of which are epithelial cancers, whose five-year survival rate is only 30%. Without obvious symptoms in early stage, it has a high metastatic rate when diagnosed. Many substances and pathways are involved in the mechanism of ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis. A large number of studies suggest that cancer stem cells related miRNA, epithelial-mesenchymal transition related miRNA, extracellular matrix related miRNA and angiogenesis related miRNA are relevant to invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer. The abnormal expression of them are involved in invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer by regulating the expression of downstream substance. In this article, we focus on the mechanism of miRNA in ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis.