分娩疼痛机制与常用分娩镇痛方法

分娩疼痛是妇女分娩过程中产生的一种复杂的生理心理活动，疼痛级别高、持续时间长，对分娩会造成极为不利的影响。用以应对的办法是分娩镇痛，即设法使分娩时的疼痛减轻或消失，其包括药物性镇痛和非药物性镇痛。药物性镇痛是指应用麻醉药或镇痛、镇静药来达到镇痛效果，是分娩镇痛的主要措施；非药物性镇痛则是通过心理支持、物理治疗等方法缓解疼痛，是分娩镇痛的研究热点。理想的分娩镇痛方法可明显减轻产妇疼痛程度，并确保母婴安全。综述分娩疼痛的机制及其对分娩造成的影响、常用的分娩镇痛方法及其利弊，了解分娩镇痛特点，以探索高效且易于被接受的分娩镇痛措施。

The Mechanism of Labor Pain and The Usual Methods of Labor Analgesia

Labor pain, a complicated physiological and psychological activity during childbirth, contributes negative impact to labor, as its severe pain and long duration. This problem can be solved by several methods of labor analgesia, including pharmacological analgesia and non-pharmacological analgesia, which is going to reduce the pain during childbirth or even make it disappeared. Mostly, pharmacological analgesia is depended on using anaesthetic, analgesic and sedative, while non-pharmacological analgesia, the research hotspots of labor analgesia, relieves pains by psychological support, physical therapy and so forth. The ideal labor analgesia should effectively relieve the pains of the maternal and ensure the safety of maternal and infant. This paper summarizes the mechanism of labor pain and its impact on labor, the usual methods of labor analgesia and their features, so that we can grasp the characteristics of labor analgesia and then explore the method that not only effective but also easily accepted.