曲靖市中小学生伤害发生现状和危险因素分析

目的 了解曲靖市中小学生伤害发生现状和危险因素,为制定相应的干预措施预防和控制学生伤害事件的发生提供科学依据.方法 于2010年4月采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取曲靖市2所小学、2所中学共10 561名中小学生为调查对象,进行问卷调查,回顾性调查过去1年的伤害情况.采用非条件logistic回归分析影响伤害发生的危险因素.结果 曲靖市中小学生伤害发生率为23.97％.男生伤害发生率（27.31％）高于女生（20.39％）,差异有统计学意义（x2=69.26,P＜0.01）.小学、初中和高中学生伤害发生率差异有统计学意义（X^2=126.434,P＜0.01）,初中生为伤害高发人群（31.06％）.居于前5位的伤害类型依次为跌落伤（22.59％）、碰撞伤（11.44％）、刀割伤（9.84％）、动物咬伤（4.52％）和烧烫伤（4.38％）.多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,初中生（OR=1.44,95％CI：1.26～1.64）、与母亲生活的学生（OR=1.47,95％CI：1.15～1.87）、母亲的民族为苗族的学生（OR=2.78,95％CI：1.20～6.43）更容易发生伤害事件；而女生（OR=0.67,95％CI：0.60～0.74）、父亲职业为工人（OR =0.83,95％CI：0.70～0.99）或农民（OR =0.82,95％CI：0.71～0.94）的学生、在家排行较小的学生（OR=0.84,95％CI：0.73～0.96）、年龄小的学生（OR=1.05,95％CI：1.03～1.07）相对不容易发生伤害事件.结论 中小学生伤害发生率较高,伤害由多因素作用导致,与个人、家庭及学校环境危险因素有关.

Analysis on the risk factor of injuries for primary and middle school students in Qujing city

Objective To understand the status and risk factors of injury in primary and secondary school students of Qujing city, and to provide scientific basis for formulating effective intervention measures, prevention and control of injury in the students. Methods The method of stratified cluster sampling was used to select 10 561 students from 2 primary schools and 2 middle schools of Qujing city in 2010 April. The investigation was conducted with the questionnaire for the injury last year. The multiple logistic regression method was utilized to analyze the risk factors related to the injury. Results The morbidity of injury in the students was 23.97%, and the morbidity of male（27.31%） was significantly higher than that （20.39%） of female （P〈O.01）. There was obvious difference of injury morbidities between the middle school students and primary school students （P〈0.01）. The injury morbidity in junior middle school students was the highest （31.06 % ）. The order of different injury morbidities was the falling injury （22.59%）, bumper injury （11.44%）, knife cutting injury （9.84%）, animals biting injury （4.52%） and burning injury （4.38%）, respectively. The results of multiple logistic regression indicated that junior school students （OR=1.44, 95%CI： 1.26-1.64）, the students living with mothers （OR = 1.47, 95%CI： 1.15-1.87 ） and the students whose mothers are Miao people （OR =2.78,95%CI： 1.20-6.43） were easily injured. The female students （OR=0.67, 95%CI： 0.60-0.74）, students with fathers who are workers or farmers （OR=0.83, 95%CI： 0.70-0.99; OR-0.82, 95%CI： 0,71-0.94）, students who were younger children at home and the junior students were not easily injured（OR=0.84, 95%CI： 0.73-0.96; OR=1.05, 95%CI： 1.03-1.07）. Conclusion The injury morbidity in students of primary and middle schools is higher due to multiple factors, which are related to the conditions of individuals, families and schools.