橡胶工业生产性粉尘对工人健康的危害

目的了解橡胶工业生产性粉尘对工人健康的危害情况，以便更好地采取防治措施。方法对广东省省内5家橡胶制品加工厂开展职业卫生学调查和现场粉尘浓度监测，并对672名接尘工人（接尘组）和598名非接尘人员（对照组）进行职业健康检查。结果5家工厂各生产工序中产生的粉尘主要是滑石粉尘。其中配料、压延、炼胶等工种粉尘浓度最高，平均浓度为6．8～32．6mg／m^3，超标（PC-TWA3mg/m^3）1．3～9．8倍。粉尘中游离SiO2含量平均为5．6％～8．2％。职业健康检查中，X射线（高仟伏）胸片所见，接尘组肺纹理有明显改变者共52例，其中无尘肺（0^＋）7例。而对照组的肺纹理改变只有19例。肺功能测定：接尘组小气道功能轻度异常48例，对照组13例。2组检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（Х^2=17．09，P〈0．01）。此外，接尘组的自觉症状、慢性鼻炎、咽炎以及心电图等改变均比对照组高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论橡胶制品加工业使用的工业滑石粉，在生产中产生的粉尘对工人健康有一定的危害性，建议使用危害性较小的医用滑石粉来替代。同时加强防尘措施，降低作业场所粉尘浓度，保障工人健康，防止尘肺病发生。

Hazard of Rubber Industrial Dust on Workers' Health

Objective] To understand the hazard of rubber industrial dust on workers' health, so as to take better preventative measures. Methods] Occupational hygienic survey and dust concentration field-monitoring were conducted in 5 rubber plants, and physical examination was carded out on 672 dust-exposed workers (exposure group) and 598 non dust-exposed workers(control group).Results] The main dust was talcum powder in each processing operation in five plants. The highest dust concentration was in compounding, ...