汶川地震灾区青少年心理健康及其影响因素纵向分析

目的了解经历地震自然灾害后青少年心理健康水平随时间的变化特点并分析其影响因素。方法选取汶川地震极重灾区和轻灾区2所中学的初中一年级学生为研究对象, 采用纵向设计方案对其进行为期2年共5次追踪调查, 采用重复测量的方差分析以及结构方程模型框架下的潜变量增长曲线模型进行统计分析。结果5次调查均参加的学生共977人, 男生占49%, 女生占51%。重复测量的方差分析分析显示, 极重灾区青少年心理健康、自尊、积极应对始终低于轻灾区(P<0.05), 2个灾区学生消极应对得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);心理健康、自尊有下降趋势,消极应对有上升趋势(P<0.05)。潜变量增长曲线模型结果显示, 心理健康的保护因素有自尊、积极的应对方式(P<0.05);消极应对方式阻碍青少年心理的健康发展(P<0.05)。男生心理健康水平均高于女生(P<0.05), 但男女生心理健康变化趋势差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论青少年心理健康具有动态变化的特点;地震对青少年心理健康产生了不利的影响, 但是可以通过内部调节来促进身心健康发展。

Mental health and its impact factors among adolescents in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area

ObjectiveTo explore the time change of mental health and its influencing factors among adolescents in an earthquake-hit area after the disaster.MethodsGrade one students from two junior high schools in the severely and slightly earthquake-hit areas of Wenchuan were selected for a survey with 5 follow-ups during 2 years.Analysis of variance and latent variable growth curve in structure equation model were used in statistical analyses.ResultsTotally 977 students(49% boys and 51% girls)participated in the follow-up survey.Repeated measure analyses showed that the mental health,self-esteem and positive coping style of the adolescents in the severely affected areas were significantly lower than those of the students in slightly affected areas(P<0.05 for all) but negative coping style score was not different.There were as descending trends in mental health and self-esteem and an ascending trend in negative coping style in the adolescents.Latent variable growth curve model showed that the protective factors of mental health were self-esteem and positive coping style(-0.006,P<0.05);while negative coping style(0.056,P<0.05)could hinder healthy psychological development of the adolescents.The mental health of the boys was better than that of the girls(-0.123, P<0.05),but no significant gender difference was observed.ConclusionThe mental health of adolescents in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area had dynamic change.Earthquake had adverse effects on mental health,but internal adjustment can promote the development of mental health among the adolescents.