临床护士针刺伤的影响因素研究

  目的  了解安徽省三级甲等医院临床护士针刺伤发生现况，探讨临床护士针刺伤发生的影响因素，为进一步制定针刺伤相关预防和控制措施提供现实依据。  方法  采用一般资料调查表、风险感知调查表、针刺伤调查表、针刺伤相关态度、针刺伤相关行为问卷和气质类型测试量表对安徽省9所三级甲等医院从事临床工作的1 537名护士进行调查。  结果  临床护士发生针刺伤的人数为1 364人，占88.74%，护士针刺伤相关态度得分中位数为4.20分、行为得分中位数为4.06分。工作年限、所在科室、风险感知情况、气质类型和针刺伤相关行为是临床护士针刺伤的主要影响因素(均P < 0.05)。  结论  安徽省三级甲等医院临床护士针刺伤发生率仍处于较高水平，针刺伤相关态度和行为较好，临床护士针刺伤发生的影响因素包括护士自身的气质特点、工作年限、所在科室、风险感知水平和针刺伤防范措施的落实情况。为了减少针刺伤的发生，护理管理者应根据护士本身的性格特征合理分配工作任务；在医院针刺伤的培训工作中，不仅需要注重低年资临床护士的培训，也应重视高年资临床护士的培训教育；培训工作中除了强调针刺伤风险危害的同时，也要强调临床护士正确认识风险；培训工作结束后，医院护理管理者应不定时地督促针刺伤防范措施的落实情况；各个科室应根据科室自身的特点合理的调配人员。 

Influencing factors of needlestick injuries in clinical nurses

Objective This study aimed to understand the current situation of needlestick injuries in clinical nurses of third-class-A hospitals in Anhui Province,explore the influencing factors and provide a practical basis for the prevention and control measures of needlestick injuries.Methods A total of 1537 nurses who were engaged in clinical work in nine third-class-A hospitals in Anhui Province were investigated by general information questionnaire,risk perception questionnaire,needlestick injury questionnaire,needlestick injury-related attitude,behaviour questionnaire and temperament type test questionnaire.Results In the past year,the number of clinical nurses with needlestick injuries was 1364,accounting for 88.74%.The median score of attitude and behaviour related to needlestick injuries was 4.20 and 4.06,respectively.Working years,departments,risk perception,temperament types and needlestick injury-related behaviour were the main influencing factors(all P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of needlestick injuries of clinical nurses in third-class-A hospitals in Anhui Province is still at a high level,and the attitude and behaviour related to needlestick injuries are remarkable.The influencing factors of needlestick injuries in clinical nurses include nurses’temperament characteristics,working years,departments,risk perception level and the implementation of needle stick injury prevention measures.Nursing managers should reasonably allocate work tasks according to the characteristics of nurses to reduce the occurrence of needlestick injuries.In the training of needlestick injuries,not only the training of junior clinical nurses,but also the training and education of senior clinical nurses should be paid attention to.In addition to emphasising the risk and harm of needlestick injuries,clinical nurses should also be stressed to correctly understand the risk.After the training,hospital nursing managers should supervise the implementation of needlestick injury preventive measures.Each department should reasonably allocate personnel according to the characteristics of the department.