深圳市基层疾控机构突发公共卫生事件应急能力现况调查

目的了解深圳市基层疾控机构卫生应急能力的现状,为提高深圳市疾控机构卫生应急能力提供依据。方法采用横断面调查的方法对深圳市10个区级疾控中心和12个街道预防保健所的突发公共卫生应急能力现状进行调查。结果深圳市基层疾控应急人员占比不到50%。两级机构学历构成和职称构成差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=119.70,P<0.05;χ^2=89.94,P<0.05),但组织体系制度建设项目差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两级应急机构应急管理以其他科室为主(区50.0%及街道75.0%)。两级机构演练形式差异有统计学意义(χ^2=9.30,P<0.05),区疾控以全面演练为主(54.7%),街道所以桌面推演为主(43.3%)。多数疫情通过主动监测发现,风险评估能力薄弱。应急人员知识调查及格率偏低(68.0%),应急识别和现场处置得分率不高,需要加强定期培训。实验室检测能力仍不成熟,对5种病原体和8种毒素无检测能力,对9种病原体无分离鉴定能力。有一定的消杀能力,但未重视防护培训。结论深圳市基层疾控机构应急能力仍有许多不足,应及早弥补短板,提升其卫生应急的能力和水平。

Investigation on emergency response capacity of primary CDC institutions to public health emergencies in Shenzhen

Objective To get an insight into the current situation of health emergency response capacity of primary Center for Disease Control(CDC)institutions in Shenzhen and to provide evidence for improving the health emergency response capacity of CDC institutions in Shenzhen.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the emergency response capacity of public health emergencies in 10 district-level CDCs and 12 street prevention and health care centers in Shenzhen.Results Less than 50%staff in primary CDC institutions participated in emergency.There were statistically significant differences in educational background composition and professional title composition between the district and street(two levels)disease control institutions(χ^2=119.70,P<0.05;χ^2=89.94,P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in organizational system construction projects(P>0.05).The emergency management of the two-level emergency institutions was mainly based on other departments(50.0%in the district and 75.0%in the street).The difference in the form of emergency exercise between the two-level institutions was statistically significant(χ^2=9.30,P<0.05).Comprehensive exercise was conducted in the district disease control institutions(54.7%)and desktop maneuvers were conducted in the street disease control institutions(43.3%).Most outbreaks had been found through active surveillance,and their risk assessment capabilities were weak.The passing rate of knowledge survey for emergency personnel was low(68.0%),and the scoring rate of emergency identification and on-site disposal was not high.Regular training needed to be strengthened.The laboratory testing ability was still immature,with no detection ability for 5 pathogens and 8 toxins,and no isolation and identification ability for 9 pathogens.CDC institutions had certain disinfection and sterilization capabilities,but they did not pay attention to protection training.Conclusion There are still many deficiencies in emergency response capacity of primary CDC institutions in Shenzhen,so it is necessary to make up for the shortcomings as soon as possible to improve the capacity and level of health emergency response.