围绝经期妇女社会支持状况及与抑郁、焦虑症状的关系

目的了解围绝经期妇女的社会支持状况。方法采用随机抽样的方法，从北京市8个城区随机抽取45～59岁妇女，进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括一般情况、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）和社会支持评定量表。建立数据库，应用SPSS11．5软件进行t检验和非参数分析。结果1251例妇女完成调查问卷。平均年龄（51．8±3．95）岁。小学及以下文化程度、中学文化程度和大专及以上文化程度三组的客观支持分、主观支持分和支持利用度逐渐升高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。已婚者的客观支持分、主观支持分均高于未婚、分居、离异和丧偶者（P〈0．01）。抑郁症状组与无症状组比较，社会支持量表评分均显著降低（P〈0．01），而焦虑症状组与无症状组的社会支持量表评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论围绝经期妇女社会支持与年龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度有关，具有抑郁症状者社会支持降低。

Status of social support and its relationship with depression and anxiety in perimenopausal women

Objective To investigate the status of social support in women during menopausal transition anu postmenopause. Methods A cross - sectional investigation was conducted with a composed questionnaire on general conditions, self- evaluating depression, self- evaluating anxiety scoring and social support rating scale. All of the data was analyzed with t- test or nonparametric test using SPSS 11.5. Results A total of 1 251 women in Beijing aged 45～59, mean at 51.8±3.95 years old, completed the questionnaires. Social support was improved with the increasing of education status （P〈0.01）. The married women had higher social support score compared to separated or divorced women, single and widows （P〈0. 01）. The social support score of depressive women was lower than normal women （P〈0.01）. No significant difference was found between women with and without anxiety （P〉 0.05）. Conclusions Social support to perimenopausal women is associated with age, marriage and education status. The women with depression obtain poor social support.