儿童珠心算相关脑激活区的功能磁共振研究

目的 采用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术观察接受不同时间的珠心算训练后儿童进行计算时脑激活区的部位及特点的变化,分析珠心算训练对儿童心算能力及数字计算相关脑区的影响.方法 对12名接受过珠心算训练1年(初级组)和12名接受过珠心算训练3年(高级组)的学龄儿童进行数字运算的BOLD-fMRI扫描,采用SPM2软件进行数据分析和脑功能区定位.结果 高级组的运算正确率高于初级组[(66.48±13.54)%,(85.74±3.60)%,P＜0.01],反应时间短于初级组[(1056.94±485.07)ms,(591.46±287.25)ms,P＜0.01].2组被试儿童在不同的运算任务中几乎均可见枕叶及顶叶激活(P＜0.01,VOX>10).初级组儿童激活的脑区较多,主要包括双侧枕叶、额叶中上部、顶叶和颞叶,高级组儿童珠心算时激活的脑区少且集中,主要位于枕叶及顶叶.结论 珠心算训练能够有效提高儿童心算能力;珠心算训练后儿童数字加工主要依赖视觉空间策略.

Activated brain areas related to mental abacus calculation in children:a fMRI study

ObjectiveTo localize the activated functional areas in children drilled in mental abacus calculation when they calculates with fMRI. To investigate the ability of mental calculation of children and the influence on these activated brain areas related to digit calculation after different time of training with mental abacus calculation.MethodsThere were 24 school children divided into 2 groups according to the training time of mental abacus calculation. The children in primary group were trained for 1 year and those in senior group were trained for 3 years. Blood oxygenation level dependence (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan was performed when they calculated. All data were analyzed by statistical parametric mapping 2 (SPM2) to get the results of activated areas between the two groups. ResultsThe performance of the senior group with better correctness[(66.48±13.54)%,(85.74±3.60)%,P＜0.01] and shorter reaction time was much better than that of the primary group[(1056.94±485.07)ms,(591.46±287.25)ms,P＜0.01]. Occipital lobe and parietal lobe were activated in both groups during addition and subtraction tasks(P＜0.01, VOX>10). There were more brain areas activated in the primary group during the mental abacus calculation, such as bilateral occipital lobe, superior and middle frontal area, parietal lobe and temporal lobe. The brain areas activated in the senior group were fewer and mainly localized in occipital lobe and parietal lobe. ConclusionTraining of mental abacus calculation can enhance the ability of mental calculation of children. More areas related to visuospatial are activated after training, which indicates that children who accept mental abacus calculation training mainly rely on the visuospatial representations during number processing in mental calculation.