An algorithmic approach to the diagnosis and management of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in the immunocompromised patient

Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is a difficult disorder to diagnose and treat. A systematic approach to the susceptible patient, however, leads to an earlier diagnosis with improved survival. Early evaluation with rigid nasal endoscopy with frozen section biopsy of suspicious lesions or the middle turbinate should be considered in the high-risk population. Complete surgical resection and the reversal of neutropenia appear to be critical elements in achieving a successful outcome in patients with invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.