长沙市城乡社区不同人群高血压相关危险因素、综合干预及规范管理调查

目的获取长沙市城乡社区不同人群高血压相关危险因素、综合干预、规范管理及控制效果基本数据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,9个区县各抽取一个社区（乡镇）,每一社区随机抽取3个居委（村）,每个居委（村）分组随机抽取35-65岁的常住居民30名,其中高血压患者组、高危人群组、健康人群组各10名;总计调查844名。结果超重和肥胖率（BMI≥24≥28）城区平均水平34.4%、7.9%;乡镇平均水平36.0%、12.5%;中心性肥胖率（腰围：女≥80 cm,男≥90 cm）乡镇患者组、城区高危组女性高于男性,性别差异有统计学意义（P≤0.01）。吸烟率城区24.5%-31.3%;乡镇44.6%-53.3%;高血压患者组血压控制优良率城区为31.3%,乡镇为8.4%。城乡社区比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论长沙市城乡居民存在多种高血压相关危险因素,在高血压患者规范管理、生活方式干预、血压控制优良率等方面城区显著好于乡镇（P〈0.01）。全人群的高血压预防需要从健康的生活方式开始,乡镇社区应加速建立居民健康档案,利用各种体检机会筛查高血压患者,做到早期发现、早期采取综合干预措施和规范管理,努力使城乡高血压防控效果达到均衡水平。

Investigation on Hypertension - related Risk Factors, Comprehensive Intervention and Standardized Management in Different Population Groups of Urban and Rural Communities in Changsha

Objective To obtain the basic data about hypertension-related risk factors,comprehensive intervention,standardized management and control effects from the different population groups in urban and rural communities of Changsha. Methods With stratified random sampling method,844 permanent residents aged between 35 and 65 years and randomly selected from nine districts or counties were divided into hypertension group,high-risk group,and healthy group.All the residents were surveyed. Results Overweight and obesity rates(BMI≥24≥28) of urban communities were 34.4% and 7.9%,respectively;and those of rural communities were 36.0% and 12.5%,respectively.Central obesity rates(waistline: female ≥ 80cm,male≥90cm) in females of hypertension rural-group and high-risk urban-group were higher than those in males of hypertension rural-group and high-risk urban-group,and the gender difference was statistically significant(P≤0.01).Smoking rates of urban communities and rural communities were 24.5%～31.3% and 44.6%～53.3%,respectively.The excellent control rates of blood pressure in hypertension urban-group and hypertension rural-group were 31.3% and 8.4%,respectively;and the difference was statistically significant between urban and rural communities(P<0.01). Conclusions There are various risk factors associated with hypertension among urban and rural residents in Changsha.Standardized management of hypertension patients,intervention measures for lifestyle,and excellent rate of controlling blood pressure in the urban communities are significantly better than those in the rural communities(P<0.01).Hypertension prevention among the whole populations should start from the healthy lifestyle.The residents of rural communities need to speedily establish the health records and screen hypertension through various physical examinations.We strive for the equilibrium level in the effectiveness of preventing and controlling hypertension between the urban and rural communities through early detection,early comprehensive intervention and standardized management.