重症监护病房呼吸机相关性肺炎病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的明确重症监护病房(ICU)呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)病原菌构成及耐药情况,为临床抗菌药物的应用提供依据。方法采用回顾性监测的方法,调查2009年1月-2010年4月ICU接受呼吸机通气患者中VAP病原菌特点。结果 65例VAP患者共检出病原菌68株,其中革兰阴性菌51株,占75.00%,革兰阳性菌12株,占17.65%,真菌5株,占7.35%;检出的主要病原菌是:鲍氏不动杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、洋葱伯克霍尔德菌、铜绿假单胞菌,分别占19.12%、16.18%、14.71%、13.24%;金黄色葡萄球菌耐药严重,鲍氏不动杆菌仅对阿米卡星具有较高的敏感性,对其他大多数药物具有耐药性;洋葱伯克霍尔德菌对替考拉宁、头孢噻肟和美罗培南较敏感,对亚胺培南高度耐药,铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢噻肟、头孢唑肟、美罗培南、四环素的敏感性较高,对亚胺培南的耐药率较高,真菌对两性霉素B、酮康唑、制霉菌素的敏感率为100.00%,对氟康唑、伊曲康唑的敏感率为50.00%。结论 VAP的主要病原菌为革兰阴性杆菌且存在较严重的耐药现象,进行细菌培养和药物耐药性分析,对合理选用抗菌药物治疗VAP患者具有重要意义。

Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients in intensive care unit

OBJECTIVE To determine the distribution and drug resistance characteristic of pathogens in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) and direct clinical doctors to select antibiotics correctly.METHODS The characteristics of pathogens in the patients who accepted ventilation from Jan 2009 to Apr 2010 were investigated retrospectively.RESULTS Among 68 strains of pathogens collected,the Gram-negative bacilli(GNB) occupied75.00%,the Gram-positive bacteria(GPB) were 17.65% and the fungi were 7.35%.Patho...