住院患者医院感染病原菌分布与耐药性分析

目的调查住院患者医院感染病原菌的分布及耐药性,为控制医院感染提供依据。方法对2009年1-12月,培养分离出的2114株病原菌分布及耐药性进行统计分析。结果检出病原菌中,革兰阳性球菌占20.7%,革兰阴性杆菌占79.3%;革兰阳性球菌以金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌为主,检出率均为6.4%,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的分离率为66.0%;革兰阴性杆菌以铜绿假单胞菌占23.9%、鲍氏不动杆菌占17.3%、肺炎克雷伯菌占11.1%及大肠埃希菌占8.3%为主;产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)分离率为34.0%;医院感染病原菌的耐药率较高,其中革兰阴性杆菌中,鲍氏不动杆菌耐药率最高,除头孢哌酮/舒巴坦和米诺环素外,对其他抗菌药物的耐药率均>80.0%,铜绿假单胞菌次之,其对美罗培南和亚胺培南的耐药率均>40.0%;革兰阳性球菌中除粪肠球菌外,其他3种主要病原菌对青霉素及红霉素高度耐药,耐药率分别>95.0%及>80.0%;屎肠球菌对头孢唑林的耐药率高达100.0%,对万古霉素与替考拉宁的耐药率均为3.1%。结论医院耐药菌感染比较严重,医院感染菌中革兰阴性杆菌感染率较高,检出主要病原菌对常用抗菌药物均耐药;临床应根据病情及时作病原学检测,结合药敏试验结果,正确合理使用抗菌药物,减少耐药菌的产生。

Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing nosocomial infections in inpatients

OBJECTIVE To investigate the drug resistance and distribution of nosocomial infection(NI) pathogens in inpatients.METHODS A total of 2114 strains of NI pathogens during Jan 2009 to Dec 2009 were retrospectively surveyed and analyzed.RESULTS From them,the rates of infection of Gram+ positive cocci were 20.7%,the main pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus(6.4%) and Coagulase-negative staphylococci(6.4%).The isolation rate of MRSA was 66.0%;the rates of infection of Gram-negative bacilli were 79.3% with predomina...