Human papillomavirus update (including vaccination) |
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Authors: | Mahalakshmi Gurumurthy Richard Peevor Alison Fiander |
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Institution: | 1. Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China |
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Abstract: | Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for 99.7% of cervical cancer. Worldwide, cervical cancer causes more deaths than any other cancer, around one every two minutes. In the not so distant future cervical cancer may cause more deaths globally per year, (275,000 in 2008), than maternal deaths, (358,000 in 2008). Over 200 types of HPV have been identified. HPV is transmitted by skin-to-skin contact. Most HPV infections are cleared by the immune system; persistent infection may cause intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive disease.Prophylactic HPV vaccines prevent disease caused by the included HPV types and potentially prevent 70–75% cases of cervical cancer. The UK added HPV vaccination to the national immunization programme in 2008. The vaccines are safe and well tolerated. It is likely that the benefits will be seen over a 15–20 year period.Tests for HPV have been developed and are being evaluated as to their possible role in clinical practice.Research is ongoing regarding therapeutic HPV vaccination and second generation prophylactic vaccines to prevent more cases of cancer. |
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Keywords: | cancer screening cervical intraepithelial neoplasia human papillomavirus papillomavirus vaccines uterine cervical neoplasms |
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