NICU极低出生体重早产儿袋鼠式照护与母乳喂养的关联分析

目的探讨新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)极低出生体重早产儿袋鼠式照护与母乳喂养的关联性。方法选取2016年12月至2017年12月于西北妇女儿童医院NICU住院的极低出生体重早产儿共279例为研究对象,前半年住院者为对照组(n=140),后半年住院者为研究组(n=139)。对照组仅实施极低出生体重早产儿常规的宣教和探视,研究组在对照组基础上进行袋鼠式照护,均为每周2次,持续4周,分析袋鼠式照护与母乳喂养的关联性。结果两组患儿性别、胎龄、体重及住院天数差别均无统计学意义;两组患儿喂养方式比较差异有统计学意义,且研究组纯母乳喂养率显著高于对照组(χ²=59.579,P<0.05);按照住院天数分层后,结果显示在住院7d内、7~14d及15~78d内,两组患儿喂养方式比较差异均有统计学意义,且研究组纯母乳喂养率显著高于对照组(χ²值分别为21.851、60.964、56.084,均P<0.05);两组患儿家属在愿意母乳喂养、知道宝宝可以吃母乳、未能送母乳的原因是路途远方面差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);研究组家属知道NICU可接收母乳、已送过母乳占比较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(χ²值分别为10.298、36.695,均P<0.05),在父母未掌握挤奶技巧、母乳分泌量少、掌握挤奶技巧的情况在65分以下方面占比较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(χ²值分别为7.929、39.715、47.199,均P<0.05)。结论NICU极低出生体重早产儿接受袋鼠式照护,其母乳喂养率相对较高。

Correlation analysis between kangaroo care and breastfeeding for very low birth weight neonates in NICU

Objective To investigate the relationship between kangaroo care and breastfeeding in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)for very low birth weight premature infants.Methods A total of 279 cases of very low birth weight premature infants hospitalized in the NICU of Northwest Women and Children’s Hospital from December 2016 to December 2017 were selected as study subjects.Those hospitalized in the first half of the year were the control group(n=140),and those hospitalized in the second half of the year were the study group(n=139).The control group only carried out routine education and visiting for very low birth weight premature infants,and the research group carried out kangaroo nursing twice a week for 4 weeks on the basis of the control group,to analyze the correlation between kangaroo nursing and breastfeeding.Results There were no statistically significant differences in sex,gestational age,weight and length of stay between the two groups.The difference in feeding methods between the two groups of children was statistically significant,and the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(χ²=59.579,P<0.05).After stratification according to the length of hospitalization,the results showed that within 7 d,7~14 d and within 15~78 d hospitalization,the differences in feeding methods between the two groups were statistically significant,and the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(χ²=21.851,60.964 and 56.084,respectively,all P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of willingness to breastfeed,knowledge that the baby could breastfeed,and the reason for not breastfeeding was the long journey(all P>0.05).The awareness rates of NICU can receive breast milk,milk has delivered in the family members of the study group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(χ²=10.298 and 36.695,respectively,both P<0.05),The proportions of parents who have not mastered milking skills,less milk secretion,milking skills conditions under 65 points in the study group were lower than those of control group,and differences were statistically significant(χ²=7.929,39.715 and 47.199,respectively,all P<0.05).Conclusion The breastfeeding rate of very low birth weight neonates in NICU receiving kangaroo nursing was relatively high.