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The effect of nicotine and trauma context on acoustic startle in smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder |
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| Authors: | Patrick S Calhoun F Joseph McClernon Sherman Lee Michelle F Dennis Scott R Vrana Carolina P Clancy Claire F Collie Yashika C Johnson Jean C Beckham |
| Institution: | (1) VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA;(2) DurhamVeterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA;(3) Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA;(4) VA Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham, NC, USA;(5) Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA |
| Abstract: | RationaleExaggerated startle response is a prominent feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) although results examining differences in the acoustic startle response (ASR) between those with and without PTSD are mixed. One variable that may affect ASR among persons with PTSD is smoking. Individuals with PTSD are more likely to smoke and have greater difficulty quitting smoking. While smokers with PTSD report that smoking provides significant relief of negative affect and PTSD symptoms, the effects of smoking or nicotine deprivation on startle reactivity among smokers with PTSD are unknown. |
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