Differential expression of voltage-activated calcium channels in III and XII motoneurones during development in the rat

To further our understanding of the role that voltage-activated Ca2+ channels play in the development, physiology and pathophysiology of motoneurones (MNs), we used whole-cell patch-clamp recording to compare voltage-activated Ca2+ currents in oculomotor (III) and hypoglossal (XII) MNs of neonatal postnatal day (P)1-5] and juvenile (P14-19) rats. In contrast to III MNs that innervate extraocular muscles, XII MNs that innervate tongue muscles mature more rapidly, fire bursts of low frequency action potentials and are vulnerable to degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In neonates, low voltage-activated (LVA) Ca2+ current densities are similar in XII and III MNs but high voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ current densities are twofold higher in XII MNs. The HVA Ca2+ channel antagonists (nimodipine and nifedipine for L-type, omega-agatoxin-TK for P/Q-type and omega-conotoxin-GVIA for N-type) revealed that, while N- and P/Q-type HVA Ca2+ channels are present in both MN pools, a 3.5-fold greater P/Q-type Ca2+ current in XII MNs accounts for their greater HVA Ca2+ currents. Developmentally, LVA and HVA Ca2+ current densities decrease in III MNs but remain unchanged in XII MNs. Thus, the differences between these MN pools increase developmentally so that, in juveniles, the LVA Ca2+ current density is twofold greater and the HVA Ca2+ current density is threefold greater in XII compared with III MNs. We propose that this differential expression of LVA and HVA Ca2+ channels in XII and III MNs during development contributes to their distinct physiology and may also be a factor contributing to the greater susceptibility of XII MNs to degeneration as seen in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.