噪声与高温、硫化氢联合作用对听力损伤影响的研究

目的通过对某石化厂单纯接触噪声及接触噪声同时伴有高温、硫化氢混杂因素工人的听力测试结果进行分析,了解噪声与其他危害因素联合作用对工人听力的影响,为噪声性听力损失的防治工作提供参考。方法根据某石化厂2007年242例接触噪声及相关有害因素的工人听力检查结果,按工作中接触的职业危害因素差异分成3组:单纯噪声组,噪声合并高温组,噪声合并硫化氢组。测定计算每组各工人的语频和高频听力损失值,对各组的听力损失值进行统计分析。结果3组工人均不同程度地出现噪声性听力损伤。三组工人的听力损失程度存在区别(P0.05),尤其在语言频率的损失上表现明显。噪声合并硫化氢组工人在语言频率的听力损伤程度最严重,噪声合并高温组的工人次之,单纯噪声组工人在语言频率的听力损伤程度最小。结论噪声联合高温或硫化氢作用的听损率和损失程度均较单纯性噪声高,提示噪声联合高温、硫化氢作用于人耳存在联合加强作用。应对噪声作业场所环境温度和硫化氢浓度加以控制,以减少噪声与其他有害因素联合作用对工人听力的影响。

Hearing damage resulting from combined exposure to noise with heat stress or hydrogen sulfide

Objective To observe the hearing damages caused by single exposure to noise and combined exposure to noise and heat stress or hydrogen sulfide and then to control these hazards effectively. Methods The occupational health examination data, particularly hearing examination data of 242 workers in a petro-chemical factory in 2007 were carefully analyzed. The workers were divided into 3 groups： single exposure to noise, combined exposure to noise and heat stress, and combined exposure to noise and hydrogen sulfide. Results Hearing damage was noted in all these groups, but damage degrees among these groups varied significantly. There was a difference at language frequency damage, the order of the damage degrees from high to low were the workers with combined exposure to noise and hydrogen sulfide, combined exposure to noise and heat stress, and single exposure to noise, respectively. Conclusion This result indicated that combined exposure to heat stress or hydrogen sulfide could aggravate the hearing damage resulting from noise exposure. It should be paid more attention to such working environments where worker can be exposed to various hazards simultaneously.