电缆辐照加工企业职业危害及防护调查

目的通过对电缆辐照加工技术职业危害的调查分析和检测,明确电缆辐照加工的职业危害种类和防护重点,并提出职业危害防护策略。方法选取1家应用辐照加工技术生产电缆的企业为研究对象,通过职业卫生调查、职业危害含放射危害的检测、职业健康检查等方法开展研究。结果电缆辐照技术生产应用中存在多种职业危害,包括辐射危害为电子束和X线,化学性危害为臭氧、氮氧化物及六氟化硫等,物理性危害为噪声。职业防护中对辐照场所合理布局与分区、开展机房与辐照厅屏蔽防护设计、设置人身安全联锁及机器安全联锁,化学性危害防护中对辐照大厅全面通风,防止有害气体蓄积,是主要的职业危害防护措施。结论电缆辐照等辐照加工技术使用日益广泛,认真开展企业职业危害防护特别是辐照安全防护,可保证辐照加工作业人员的职业安全。

Hazards analysis and protective measures in cable industrial irradiation processing

Objective To study the occupational hazards during industrial irradiation processing in the cable industry and to present the suggestion to control such hazards. Methods A cable factory, in which the irradiation processing technology is used, was investigated in detail. The technological process was analyzed, the workplaces were checked and the occupational hazards were identified and measured. Results The main occupational hazards are radiation, including electron beam and X-rays, chemicals such as ozone,nitrogen oxides,sulfur hexafluoride, and noise. The current protective measures are： radiation protection, including correct layout and isolation of the irradiation sites, shielding protection design in the machine room and irradiation hall, setting personal safety interlock and machine safety interlock, and the ventilation in irradiation hall. These are effective to protect workers against occupational hazards. Conclusion Industrial irradiation processing technology has been used widely,therefore the effective measures against such occupational hazards must be taken strictly to ensure health and safety of workers engaged in the irradiation processing.