不同方法检测同种异基因造血干细胞移植受者巨细胞病毒感染的探讨

本研究探讨同种异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后早期有效检测巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染的方法。应用荧光定量PCR和ELISA试剂盒分别检测19名allo-HSCT受者,214份标本的血浆DNA负荷量和血清IgM抗体,同时应用流式细胞术检测188份标本白细胞pp65抗原。结果表明：pp65抗原、DNA定量和IgM抗体的阳性检出率分别为30.85%（58/188）、35.51%（76/214）和13.08%（28/214）,连续阳性病例和临床诊断的符合率分别为7/8、7/8和3/8。DNA定量与pp65抗原阳性检出率的差别无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但两种检测方法有明显的相关性（P〈0.05）。IgM抗体阳性检出率明显低于DNA定量和pp65抗原,其差别均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,与另两种检测方法虽有关系,但不密切。结论：流式细胞术和荧光定量PCR检测allo-HSCT受者CMV早期感染可靠、简便快速,值得临床推广使用。

Detection and Screening for Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients by Different Methods

The aim of study was to explore the better detection method for cytomegalovirus (CMV) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients and to compare the efficiency of fluorogenic quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR), flow cytometry (FCM) and ELISA. The plasma DNA loading and serum level of IgM antibody against CMV in 214 clinical specimens from 19 allo-HSCT patients were detected by real-time FQ-PCR and ELISA respectively, the pp65 antigen in 118 peripheral blood leukocyte samples were measured by FCM. The results showed that the positive rates of pp65 antigen, IgM antibody and DNA load were 30.85% (58/188), 13.08% (28/214) and 35.51% (76/214) respectively, the coincidence between their sequential detection positive rates and clinical diagnosis were 7/8, 7/8 and 3/8 respectively. There was no statistical significant difference between the positive rate of pp65 antigen and of DNA amount (P > 0.05), and they have manifested relationships (P < 0.05). The positive rate of IgM antibody detected by ELISA was obvious lower than that of DNA quantitated by FQ-PCR and pp65 antigen detected by FCM, but the difference between them showed statistical significance (P < 0.05), Smaller relativity was found between IgM antibody detection and the other two methods (P > 0.05). It is concluded that FQ-PCR and FCM are sensitive, rapid, suitable and reliable methods for monitoring recipient reactive CMV infection of allo-HSCT recipients and are worthy to extensively use for guiding antiviral therapy.