Serial granulocytapheresisunder daily administration of rHuG-CSF: effects on peripheral blood counts, collection efficiency, and yield

BACKGROUND: An option for treatment of severe infections in neutropenic patients is the transfusion of granulocytes from donors stimulated with rHuG-CSF. The schedule of rHuG-CSF-stimulated granulocyte donations and the quality of the components remain controversial. This study was done with the intention of ensuring daily granulocyte support with therapeutic cell numbers, while keeping the patients' allogeneic exposure as low as possible. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Granulocyte collection with multiple consecutive leukapheresis procedures under daily rHuG-CSF administration and with hydroxyethyl starch as sedimenting agent were prospectively studied. Complete blood counts of the donors, collection yield, and efficiency were analyzed. RESULTS: Products (n = 259) from 76 donors were examined. The median peripheral blood WBC and neutrophil counts were 28.1 g per L and 24.1 g per L, respectively, and they were significantly higher on Day 5 of collections than on Days 1 to 3. Platelet counts and Hb levels decreased steadily. Collection yields increased over time from 4.9 to 6.7 x 10(10) neutrophils. Side effects of cytokines and aphereses did not exceed World Health Organization grade II status. CONCLUSION: Repetitive daily rHuG-CSF administration-even under daily leukapheresis procedures-results in a continuing increase in WBC and neutrophil levels and thus leads to increased collection yields. Side effects are tolerable, although Hb and platelet levels should be monitored closely.