左主干急性闭塞或狭窄所致急性心肌梗死的急诊介入治疗

目的总结左主干急性闭塞或狭窄所致急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的经验,探讨急诊PCI在此类患者中的安全性和有效性。方法从1995年1月至2004年12月,在1343例急诊PCI中,共有11例梗死相关血管为左主干。11例患者均为男性,年龄43~70岁,平均(56·4±9·2)岁,其中6例(54·5%)入院时即存在严重心原性休克。所有患者均在主动脉内球囊反搏支持下接受急诊PCI治疗。结果8例急诊置入支架,余3例仅行球囊扩张,后者有2例术后接受急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术。住院期间死亡5例(45·5%),存活的6例患者均完成3个月随访,其中4例随访超过2年,1例于术后4年猝死,1例患者术后5年重复造影检查结果良好。对比分析提示术前存在良好的侧支循环可能是影响此类患者急诊PCI术后疗效的因素。结论左主干急性闭塞或严重狭窄所致的AMI患者病情凶险,急性期死亡率高。侧支循环形成与否,治疗策略和预后不同,主动脉内球囊反搏支持下急诊PCI治疗可以挽救部分患者的生命和改善预后,对于侧支循环不良的患者,部分再灌注策略可能为一种有效手段之一,值得进一步研究。

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction induced by left main artery occlusion or severe stenosis

OBJECTIVE: The effects of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) induced by left main (LM) artery occlusion were analyzed retrospectively in this study. METHODS: A total of 1343 consecutive AMI patients who underwent primary PCI between January 1995 and December 2004 were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: LM occlusion or severe stenosis were found in 11 patients [all male, mean age (56.4 +/- 9.2) years (range 43-70 years)], cardiogenic shock was overt in 6 patients. Primary PCI were performed under the assistance of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in these patients [8 stent implantation, 3 balloon dilation and 2 necessitating emergency CABG after balloon dilation]. In-hospital mortality was 45.5% (5/11). Three-month follow-up were made in all survivals (6/11). Analysis showed good collateral circulation flow from right coronary artery to left coronary artery was existed in all survival cases before PCI. CONCLUSION: Prognosis of AMI patients with LM artery obstruction or severe stenosis was poor. Patients with pre-existed collateral circulation before primary PCI and IABP had a better clinical outcomes.