孕妇及胎儿体内铅、砷、镉、锰和锌元素水平及影响因素探讨

目的 本研究主要观察孕妇及胎儿体内铅、砷、锅、锰和锌元素的水平并对其影响因素进行探讨.方法 2006年9月至2007年4月,共采集130对母血及脐血,同时测量新生儿的生长发育指标.采用电感耦合等离子质谱法测定母血和脐血中的铅、砷、镉、锰和锌元素的含量,并对其相关关系及影响因素进行了探讨.结果 母血的铅、砷、镉、锰和锌含量中位数(μg/L)分别为64.32,3.81,0.84,54.26和6312.50.脐血的铅、砷、镉、锰和锌含量中位数(μg/L)分别为35.72,2.84,0.32,78.99和2250.镉元素(r=0.341,P=0.000)和砷元素(r=0.552,P=0.000)在母血与脐血之间呈相关性.职业有害因素及居室装修是血砷、血锌的影响因素.使用多重线性回归发现孕妇体重、职业有害因素及孕妇血压对血锰、锌、砷和镉浓度在考虑其他掺杂影响因素后有统计学意义.结论 环境因素和母体因素可能影响母血及脐血中元素含量;本研究中重金属元素含量虽低于正常参考值上限水平,但与发达国家相比,含量仍偏高,不容忽视.重金属的孕期暴露对胚胎发育的影响值得予以进一步关注.

Study on maternal-fetal status of Pb, As, Cd, Mn and Zn elements and the Influence factors

Objective Trace and toxic elements have great influences on the fetus growth during the pregnancy. The status of Pb, As, Cd, Mn and Zn in maternal and umbilical cord blood and influence factors were analyzed. Methods From September 2006 to April 2007, 130 pairs of maternal blood and cord blood in total were collected at the time of spontaneous delivery or cesarean section. At the same time, the development of newborn was measured immediately. The concentrations of elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the relationship of these elements between maternal and cord blood were also analyzed. Results The median(μg/L) concentration of blood Ph, As, Cd, Mn and Zn in maternal blood were 64. 32,3.81,0. 84,54. 26 and 6312. 50. And the median(μg/L) of those elements in cord blood were 35. 72,2. 84,0. 32,78. 99 and 2250. The levels of Cd (r = 0. 341, P = 0. 000 ) and As ( r = O. 552 ,P =0. 000) in maternal blood were positively correlated with the elements in the cord blood. From the questionnaire we conclude that the occupational hazardous factors and room decorated were the risk factors for the blood As and Zn levels. After muhilinear regression analysis we also found mother weight, occupational hazardous factors and mother systolic pressure might affect the levels of blood Mn, Zn, As and Cd. Conclusions The levels of these elements were affected by environmental and maternal factors. In this study, although the levels of all heavy metals in pregnant women were below those considered hazardous, however, they were still higher than those in the developed countries. The effects of heavy metals of maternal exposure on developing fetuses should deserve attention further.