婴儿接种疫苗后死亡的疑似预防接种异常反应特征分析

目的分析婴儿预防接种后发生死亡的病例，评价预防接种的安全性。方法收集2009-2011年广东省疑似预防接种异常反应（Adverse Event Following Immunization，AEFI）监测系统报告的监测数据，以及接种后死亡的病例资料，采用描述流行病学方法分析病例发生的人群、季节分布和临床诊断，对死亡个案所接种疫苗的安全性数据与死亡发生率进行比较。结果报告的28例预防接种后死亡的婴儿，共接种38剂次疫苗，42．86％的死亡发生在预防接种后12h内，24例为偶合症，1例为预防接种异常反应，3例不明原因。AEFI报告发生率、异常反应报告发生率均与死亡报告发生率的相关性无统计学意义。结论偶合症是婴儿预防接种后死亡的最常见的类型，预防接种不增加婴儿死亡发生的风险，尸体解剖和个案调查是明确死因的重要因素。

Analysis on the Adverse Events Following Immunization Surveillance of Infants Death

Objective To evaluate the safety of vaccine by analyzing the infant death cases after vaccination. Methods Collecting the reporting data and dead cases information after immunization from Adverse Events Following Immunization （AEFI） surveillance system of Guangdong from 2009 to 2011 to describe case characters, seasonal distribution and clinical diagnosis and to compare vaccine safety data with mortality rate of AEFI. Results The reported 28 death infant s following immunization received 38 doses vaccination totally. 42.86% of the cases were dead within 12 hours. One case was rare adverse reaction caused by allergic reaction to the vaccine. And 24 cases were coincidental events. The death reasons for 3 cases were unknown. Death Reporting Rate had no significant correlations with AEFI Reporting Rate and rare adverse reaction Reporting Rate. Conclusion Coincidental event is common reason of infant death after vaccination. There was no relation between vaccination and infant death. Investigation of death cases and autopsy are the key measures to find out the true causes.