神经免疫系统对学习、记忆的影响

神经系统和免疫系统是维持机体内平衡的两个主要控制系统，具有双向调节作用。神经系统通过神经、内分泌途径，释放各种细胞因子、递质及神经肽调节机体的免疫反应过程；而免疫系统产生的免疫调节物或神经活性物质又可以调节神经系统的功能。神经-免疫系统的交互作用对促进神经系统正常功能的维持和发育具有重要作用。我们就大脑内部的免疫细胞即小胶质细胞、炎症细胞因子即白细胞介素（IL）-1β（IL-1β）、IL-6 和肿瘤坏死因子、Toll 样受体以及外周免疫系统在学习记忆以及调节突触传递、神经发生等功能方面的研究进行综述。

Regulation of neuroimmune system on learning and memory

Nervous system and immune system are two main controlling systems for sustaining internal balance of the body, which can mutual regulate each other. The nervous system regulates the immune response of the organism through the nervous and endocrine pathways by releases various cytokines, transmitters and neuropeptides. In turn, immune modulator or neural active substances produced by immune system can regulate the functions of the nervous system. The interaction between the nervous system and the immune system plays an important role in the maintenance and development of the normal function of the nervous system. We review research progress of roles of the immune system include microglia, inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor and Toll-like receptors, and peripheral immune system in the normal hippocampal functions such as learning and memory, synaptic transmission, and nerogenesis.