成年牦牛汗腺和皮脂腺的组织学特征

目的 探讨青海健康成年牦牛汗腺和皮脂腺的组织学特征。方法 从10头健康成年牦牛背部、肋部和腹部皮肤取样,运用HE、过碘酸-雪夫（PAS）和阿利新蓝-过碘酸-雪夫（AB-PAS）染色法,对汗腺和皮脂腺组织学结构进行观察与分析。结果 青海成年牦牛背部、肋部和腹部皮肤的汗腺为单管状腺,属于顶浆分泌型腺体,其分泌物为中性和酸性混合液,腺细胞胞质中含有糖原。皮脂腺呈葡萄状、多叶且分支的泡状腺,属于全浆分泌型腺体,其分泌物为中性黏液,腺细胞胞质中含有少量糖原。汗腺的密度、直径、长度和体积从背部到腹部呈递减趋势,但距离皮肤表面的深度呈递增趋势,且部位间差异显著(P<0.05)。皮脂腺的密度、导管部直径和长度、分泌部直径和长度及距离皮肤表面的深度从背部到腹部呈递减趋势,且部位间差异显著(P<0.05)。 结论 青海成年牦牛背部、肋部和腹部皮肤的汗腺和皮脂腺形态学结构相似,但其密度、大小和深度差异显著,且从背部到腹部存在渐变趋势。与其他牛类相比,牦牛汗腺和皮脂腺的密度高,但前者的分泌功能不发达而后者发达,这可能与其为了适应高原高寒环境有关。

Histological characteristics of the sweat glands and sebaceous glands in adult yaks

Objective To investigate the histological features of sweat glands and sebaceous glands in Qinghai healthy adult yak. Methods The histological structures of sweat glands and sebaceous glands in the back, ribs and abdomen of 10 healthy adult yaks were observed and analyzed by HE, periodic acid Schiff（PAS）and Alcian blue periodic acid Schiff（AB-PAS）staining method. Results The sweat glands of Qinghai adult yak were single tubular-shaped glands, which belonged to the apocrine glands. The cytoplasm of the gland cells contained glycogen. The secretions of sweat glands were acidic and neutral mixtures. Sebaceous glands were botryoid, multilobular, branched acinar glands, which belonged to the holocrine glands. Its secretions were neutral and the cytoplasm of gland cells contained a small amount of glycogen. The density, diameter, length and volume of sweat glands were decreased from the back to the abdomen, but the depth of the skin surface was increased, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The density, diameter, length and depth of the sebaceous glands were decreased from the back to the abdomen. There was a significant difference between body regions (P<0.05). Conclusion The morphological structures of sweat glands and sebaceous glands in different body regions of Qinghai adult yak are similar, but its density, size and depth are significantly different, and there is a gradual trend from the back to the abdomen. Compared with other cattles, Qinghai adult yaks have a high density of sweat glands and sebaceous glands, but the function of the glands of Qinghai adult yaks is more developed, which may be related to its adaptation to the plateau alpine environment.